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Microbiology - Portage Learning > Test 1 - Lecture > Flashcards

Test 1 - Lecture Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Microbiology is the study of what?

A

Microbiology is the study of microbes (microorganisms and viruses) and their biological processes.

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2
Q

What is the smallest biological unit of life?

A

Cell

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3
Q

What is a macromolecule?

A

A macromolecule is classified as a complex molecule that is composed from smaller subunits.

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4
Q

Examples of macromolecules

A

Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates

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5
Q

What various functions do proteins have in a cell?

A

Facilitate the movement of materials in and out of cell
Some act as Enzymes that catalyze biochemical processes
Some play structural role with other proteins like filaments enable movement

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6
Q

What are nucleic acids? And what are the two major types of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleic acids are chemical molecules that carry genetic info within the cell.

DNA
RNA

DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins.

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7
Q

What is DNA?

A

DNA contains the vast majority of hereditary info and responsible for inheritable characteristics of living organism

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8
Q

What is RNA?

A

RNA responsible for deciphering hereditary information in DNA and uses it to synthesize proteins

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9
Q

What is the plasma membrane?

A

Serves the cell as a surrounding barrier that separates inside of the cell from outside environment

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10
Q

What is the plasma membrane made up of?

A

Lipids (hydrophobic hydrocarbons)

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11
Q

What is the role of the plasma membrane?

A

Restricts movement of materials (water, nutrients) in and out of the cell

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12
Q

What are the three main components of carbohydrates?

A

Hydrogen, Carbon and Oxygen atoms

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13
Q

What are 3 examples of carbohydrates?

A

Glucose C6H12O6
Sucrose C12H22011
Cellulose C6H10O5

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14
Q

What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells have nucleus, membrane contained region within cell containing genetic material

Prokaryotic cells do not have nucleus and are classified as either bacteria or archaea

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15
Q

What are the main morphologies of bacteria?

A

coccus (round/spherical),
bacillus (rod),
vibrio (curved rod)
spirillum (spiral/corkscrew)

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16
Q

What shape is coccus?

A

round/spherical

17
Q

What shape is bacillus?

A

rod

18
Q

What shape is vibrio?

A

curved rod

19
Q

What shape is spirillum?

A

spiral/corkscrew

20
Q

Which group (classification) of microbes is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions?

A

Archaea

21
Q

What conditions can archaea survive in?

A

high salt levels, acid conditions, high temperatures and oxygen-poor conditions.

22
Q

What are the four main classifications of Eukarya?

A

Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista

23
Q

Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Why?

A

No, viruses are neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic because they are not living and do not replicate on their own, they must have a host.

24
Q

The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is composed of what?

A

The bilayer is composed mostly of amphipathic phospholipids

25
Q

What does it mean when you’re composed of amphipathic phospholipids?

A

They contain a polar hydrophilic (water loving) head with non-polar hydrophobic tail.

26
Q

In amphipathic phospholipids, what direction do the head and tail groups face?

A

Non-polar tail groups face inward, head groups face outward and interact with water outside and inside the cell

27
Q

What are the primary cellular organelles described in this module? Be sure to know the roles of each.

A 
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi complex
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts

Ribosomes (protein synthesis), ER (site of protein synthesis), Golgi (protein modification and distribution), lysosomes (waste disposal), mitochondria (ATP generation) and chloroplasts (plants only; site of photosynthesis).

28
Q

What is the role of the ribosomes?

A

Protein synthesis

29
Q

What is the role of endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Site of protein synthesis

30
Q

What is the role of the golgi complex?

A

Protein modification and distribution

31
Q

What is the role of lysosomes?

A

waste disposal

32
Q

What is the role of mitochondria?

A

ATP generation

33
Q

What is the role of chlroplasts?

A

Plants only, site of photosynthesis

Microbiology - Portage Learning (7 decks)

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