Test 1 Genetics Ch. 8 Flashcards
1) What are two distinguishing features of RNA? 1)
A) RNA has a ribose sugar and uracil nitrogenous base.
B) RNA contains phophodiester bonds as part of its sugar backbone.
C) RNA forms a double helix of reverse complementary strands.
D) RNA contains a methylated form of thymine.
E) RNA contains a pyrophosphate group bound to the ribose.
Answer: A
2) Which type of research technique was used to track newly synthesized RNA within a eukaryotic 2) cell?
A) DNA footprint protection assay
B) in situ hybridization
C) pulse- chase
D) Southern blotting E) band shift assay
Answer: C
3) Prokaryotes and eukaryotes produce which of the following types of RNA?
A) siRNA, tRNA, miRNA B) rRNA, siRNA, snRNA
C) mRNA, gRNA, siRNA
D) miRNA, rRNA, snRNA E) mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
E) RNA contains a pyrophosphate group bound to the ribose.
E
4) You wish to create a mutation that prevents access of RNA polymerase to the gene. Which region of a gene would you mutate?
A) terminator sequence B) stop codon
C) coding region
D) start codon
E) promoter sequence
Answer: E
5) A gene has acquired a mutation in which the protein product has 50 additional amino acids at the end. Which region of the gene was likely mutated?
A) coding region
B) stop colon
C) terminator sequence
D) promoter sequence
E) start codon
Answer: B
6) What is the role of a promoter region of a gene?
A) Protect the gene from mutations in intergenic regions.
B) Recruit transcription factors that form the initiation complex.
C) Recruit RNA Polymerase to the transcriptional start site.
D) Recruit rho protein to assist in transcription.
E) Serve as the original region of transcription of a gene.
Answer: B
7) Which region(s) of a gene are NOT found within the mRNA transcript?
A) promoter and termination region
B) promoter region
C) stop codon
D) termination region
Answer: B
10) In a given bacterium, transcription of housekeeping genes is normal, but genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, stress, and chemotaxis are disrupted. Which sigma subunit is INTACT?
A) Η32
B) Η28
C) Η70
D) Η54
E) Η35
Answer: C
11) What is the significance of the open complex when the RNA Polymerase binds the DNA?
A) The growing RNA molecule can now fit inside the active site of the RNA Polymerase.
B) It permits transcription factors to bind to the RNA Polymerase.
C) It assists with propagation of the RNA Polymerase along the DNA helix.
D) The RNA Polymerase binds the single- stranded coding strand in its active site.
E) The RNA Polymerase binds the single- stranded template strand in its active site.
Answer: E
12) Why does rho- dependent transcriptional termination in bacteria require the rho protein?
A) The rho protein assists in formation of the termination stem- loop that pauses the RNA Polymerase.
B) RNA Polymerase stalls at various sites in the gene and rho helps push RNA Polymerase to the end of the gene.
C) The rho protein helps unwind the stem- loop structure after the RNA has been released by RNA Polymerase.
D) The stem- loop is insufficiently stable to displace the RNA Polymerase by itself and needs rho protein to assist.
E) RNA Polymerase stalls on the termination stem- loop and rho is needed to displace the RNA Polymerase.
Answer: E
13) You want to design a drug that prevents transcription of eukaryotic mRNAs but does not affect transcription of other RNAs. What enzyme would you target?
A) RNA polymerase III B) RNA polymerase I
C) ribozyme
D) methyl transferase
E) RNA polymerase II
Answer: E
14) What is the type of each eukaryotic protein that primarily transcribes mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA, respectively?
A) RNA Polymerase I, II, III
B) RNA Polymerase II, III, I
C) RNA Polymerase I, III, II
D) RNA Polymerase II, I, III
E) RNA Polymerase III, II, I
F) Answer: D
15) What must eukaryotes do to initiate transcription of a gene?
A) Recruit general transcription factors to produce an open complex and then recruit RNA Polymerase.
B) Bind RNA Polymerase to displace histone proteins that binding DNA in the promoter region.
C) Bind transcription factors from enhancer sequences to the RNA Polymerase.
D) Recruit the transcription factors and RNA Polymerase that compose the pre- initiation complex.
E) Open the DNA template and then bind RNA Polymerase at the transcriptional initiation site.
Answer: D
16) Which assay allows you to identify the exact location of the protein- binding sequence within a promoter?
A) pulse- chase assay
B) DNA footprint protection assay
C) western/immuno blotting
C) in situ hybridization
D) Southern blotting
Answer: A
19) Which of the following is part of a DNA molecule?
A) sigma
B) activator
C) RNA polymerase
D) promoter
E) transcription factor
Answer: D
20) Which of the following statements accurately describes tRNA?
A) tRNAs are a variety of lengths and fold into a variety of shapes.
B) Amino acids are bound to the 5’ end of the tRNA.
C) Wobble in the anticodon allows a single tRNA to bind to multiple codons.
D) Post- transcriptional modifications of tRNAs are not necessary for their function.
E) All organisms produce tRNAs corresponding to the 61 amino- acid coding codons.
Answer: C
