test 1 AP biology

Question 1

dehydration synthesis

Answer 1

covalent bond created between monomers by removing H2O that creates a polymer

Question 2

What is the bond created by carbohydrates called

Answer 2

glycosidic linkage

Question 3

Hydrolysis

Answer 3

cut bond created by dehydration synthesis by adding water

Question 4

polysaccharride

Answer 4

macromolecules composed of complex carbohydrates including at least ten monosaccharides joined through glycosidic bonds which can be linear or branched.

Question 5

starch

Answer 5

gives enegery for us and plants; many glucoses put together with alpha linkages

Question 6

cellulose

Answer 6

glucoses put together with beta linkages; gives structure to plants cells and provides fiber for us

Question 7

glycogen

Answer 7

energy storage in liver and muscles; connected with alpha linkages

Question 8

chitin

Answer 8

arthropod exoskeletons, monomer is glucosamine ; makes up the cell wall in fungi

Question 9

What are lipids mainly used for

Answer 9

Long term energy and insulation

Question 10

tryglyceride

Answer 10

connected through dehydration synthesis; 3 fatty acids connected to a glycerol

Question 11

Phospholipid

Answer 11

glycerol with 2 fatty acid tails with a polar head that likes water and nonpolar tail thast hydrophobic ; because os this structure it automatically forms a bilayer great for the cell membrane because its semi-permeable

Question 12

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 12

• saturated with hydrogen
• no double bonds between carbons
• Solid at room temperature
  ex. Butter

Question 13

unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 13

• less hydrogen
• carbon carbon double bonds
• liquid at toom temperature
  ex. olive oil

Question 14

what is the bond between amino acids connected through dehydration synthesis called

Answer 14

peptide bond

Question 15

3 different parts of mino acid

Answer 15

amine group
Carboxyl group
R (rest of molecule)

Question 16

how to make a peptide bond

Answer 16

carbon of the carboxyl group and nitrogen of the amine group bond and the carboxyl group loses the OH and amine loses H taking H2O out of the molecule bonding them through dehydration synthesis

Question 17

primary structure of a protein

Answer 17

linear sequence of amino acids determined by DNA

Question 18

Secondary structure of a protein

Answer 18

hydrogen bonds between carboxyl and amine groups holds together a 3D shape with alpha helix and beta pleated sheets

Question 19

tetiary strutuce proteins

Answer 19

interactions between R groups that leads to a 3D shape

Question 20

Quaternary structure

Answer 20

interactions between amino acid sequences causes this shape ; only some proteins have this structure ex hemoglobin and collagen

Question 21

Steroid

Answer 21

4 fused carbon rings derived from cholesterol steroids can diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer because they are both nonpolar

Question 22

Protein functions

Answer 22

transport, structure, hormones, recpetor, movement, catalysis, immunity

Question 23

ferritin

Answer 23

protein that stockpiles iron

Question 24

insulin

Answer 24

regulates blood sugar

Question 25

denaturation

Answer 25

when a protein loses its 3D shape and function ex. fried egg

Question 26

causes of denaturation

Answer 26

• higher temperature
• ph
• shaking
• salt

Question 27

Nucelotides of DNA

Answer 27

A- adenine
T- thymine
C- cytosine
G- guanine

Question 28

Nucelotides of RNA

Answer 28

A- adenine
U- uracil
C- cytosine
G- guanine

Question 29

nucleotide purines (2 ring structure)

Answer 29

adenine and guanine

Question 30

nucleotide pyrimidines

Answer 30

thymine cytosine and uracil

Question 31

difference between purines and pyrimidines

Answer 31

purines have 2 rings and pyrimidines have only one

Question 32

DNA function

Answer 32

instructions / genetic code

Question 33

RNA function

Answer 33

carry out instructions from DNA

Question 34

Sugar - phosphate backbone in DNA vs RNA

Answer 34

DNA - deoxyribose
RNA - ribose

Question 35

nucelotide pairs in dna and rna

Answer 35

DNA - A-T, G-C
RNA- A-U, G-C