genetics test

Question 1

How does meiosis and mmitosis affect the nuber of chromosomes differently

Answer 1

Meisois 1 divides the chromosomes in half but it stays the same through part 2

Mitosis results in identical daughter cells so the number of chromosomes stays the same

Question 2

What is the goal of mitosis

Answer 2

to create a geneticallly identical cell.

Question 3

what are some of the major differences between meiosis and mitosis

Answer 3

Meiosis- sexual reproduction, produces sex cells(gametes) combination of parent cells

Mitosis- Makes geneticaly identical cells, asexual,

Question 4

**

Haploid

Answer 4

a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes. The term haploid can also refer to the number of chromosomes in egg or sperm cells, which are also called gametes.

Question 5

diploid

Answer 5

containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 6

incomplete domincance

Answer 6

neither allele is dominant; result of combination is halfway between either allele ex (red+white flowers produce pink)

Question 7

Codominanance

Answer 7

not merging; each cell chooses the allele it wants to pay attention to; red and white flower produces speckled red and white offspring (roam)

Question 8

Multiple alleles

Answer 8

a gene with many different alleles ; blood types

Question 9

Dihybrid cross

Answer 9

Mendel performed crosses looking at two traits.

Question 10

Mendel experiment

Answer 10

Mendel’s pea plant experiments revealed that crosses between parents differing in one trait produced F1 offspring all displaying one parent’s traits. Dominant traits were expressed in F1, while recessive traits vanished. Self-crossing F1 plants resulted in F2 offspring showing dominant or recessive traits in a 3:1 ratio, confirming faithful transmission of recessive traits. Reciprocal crosses yielded identical ratios. Mendel’s analysis showed traits inherited independently.

Question 11

Benign
(tumor)

Answer 11

abnormal growth; not cancerous

Question 12

malignant
(tumor)

Answer 12

invade and destroy healthy tissue; can spread

Question 13

Prophase

Answer 13

Nuclear envelopes dissapears, centrioles move opposite one another
2 chromosomes
4 chromatids

Question 14

Anaphase

Answer 14

centrioles pull chromosomes apart by spindles attatched to centromere and centrioles ; 4 chromosomes and 4 chromatids

Question 14

Metaphase

Answer 14

chromosomes line up in the middle because of the centrioles on either end

Question 15

Telophase

Answer 15

Nuclear envelope reforms around new chromosome groups; cell begins to come apart

Question 16

cytokinesis

Answer 16

cell splits into two cells ; resources of original cell split up

Question 17

G1 phase

Answer 17

the cell grows in size and synthesizes mRNA and protein that are required for DNA synthesis.

Question 18

s phase

Answer 18

the cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus.

Question 19

G2 phase

Answer 19

preperation for mitosis; duplication of organelles

Question 20

What stops cells from continuing to divide

Answer 20

contact inhibtion

Question 21

What are some reasons cells divide

Answer 21

• growth of organism
• more small cells maintains high SA: V ratio
• repair
• replacement of lost or damaged cells
• Reproduction