ap bio test cell types parts and water potential Flashcards
central vacuole
stores material within the cell typically a very large one in plant cells
chloroplast
double membrane, flattened sacs inside, chlorophyll
ribosomes
the sites of protein synthesis
transports materials within the cell
vesicle
organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell
nucleus
makes and stores lipids, also detoxification, holds ions like Ca2+
smooth ER
endomembrane system
a series of membranes starts with the nuclear envelope, ends with cell membrane. ribosomes / proteins made in nucleus, then move through rough and smooth er then to golgi body and then to plasma membrane where it is expelled from the cell and released. like hormones
lysosome
digests excess of worn out cell parts, food particles, and invading bacteria/viruses
rough er
folded membrane with embedded ribosomes
firm protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants its made of cellulose
cell wall
vacuole
provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and waste producst
mitochondria
provides a usable form of energy for the cell, double membrane, cristae
packages proteins for transport outside the cell
golgi apparatus
nuclear envelope
double membrane, a lot of pores, contains DNA, regulates traffic
nucleolus
site where ribosomes are made
cell membrane
membrane surrounding the cell
cytoplasm
fluid inside the cell that holds the organelles
chromatin
name for the collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
cytoskeleton
consists of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell
cilia
small hair like structures used for movement or sensing things
plasma membrane
composed of a phospholipid bilayer
flagellum
longer whip like structures used for movement
peroxisome
breakles down toxins and fatty acids
What organelles are in plant cells and not animal cells
cell wall
chloroplast
central vacuole
what organelles are in animal cells and not plants cells
lysosome
*rarely in plants cells
water potential
potentiak for water to do work. highest water potential can be is 0 in pure or distilled water. as more solutes are added water potential goes down.
hypertonic to ___
more solute compared to something else
isotonic to __
same concentration as something else
hypotonic to __
fewer solute than seomthing else
equation of water potential
ψ =ψp+ψs
ψs
solute potential: given by the equation -iCRT
ψp
pressure potential: usually 0 unless provided
-iCRT
i= ionization constant
C=molar concentration
R= pressure constant (0.0831)
T= temperature
What does R always equal in -iCRT
R or pressure constant is always 0.0831
Where does the water want to go
Water wants to go where the water molecules are less concentrated to make the water molecule concentration higher. If there is more solute then water will want to move there rather than stay where there are less solutes.
osmosis
movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher concentration. continues until solute concentration is equal.
osmolarity
the number of particles of solute per liter of solution,
concentration gradient direction
high to low
