ap bio test cell types parts and water potential

Question 1

central vacuole

Answer 1

stores material within the cell typically a very large one in plant cells

Question 2

chloroplast

Answer 2

double membrane, flattened sacs inside, chlorophyll

Question 3

ribosomes

Answer 3

the sites of protein synthesis

Question 4

transports materials within the cell

Answer 4

vesicle

Question 5

organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 5

nucleus

Question 6

makes and stores lipids, also detoxification, holds ions like Ca2+

Answer 6

smooth ER

Question 7

endomembrane system

Answer 7

a series of membranes starts with the nuclear envelope, ends with cell membrane. ribosomes / proteins made in nucleus, then move through rough and smooth er then to golgi body and then to plasma membrane where it is expelled from the cell and released. like hormones

Question 8

lysosome

Answer 8

digests excess of worn out cell parts, food particles, and invading bacteria/viruses

Question 9

rough er

Answer 9

folded membrane with embedded ribosomes

Question 10

firm protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants its made of cellulose

Answer 10

cell wall

Question 11

vacuole

Answer 11

provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and waste producst

Question 12

mitochondria

Answer 12

provides a usable form of energy for the cell, double membrane, cristae

Question 13

packages proteins for transport outside the cell

Answer 13

golgi apparatus

Question 14

nuclear envelope

Answer 14

double membrane, a lot of pores, contains DNA, regulates traffic

Question 15

nucleolus

Answer 15

site where ribosomes are made

Question 16

cell membrane

Answer 16

membrane surrounding the cell

Question 17

cytoplasm

Answer 17

fluid inside the cell that holds the organelles

Question 18

chromatin

Answer 18

name for the collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Question 19

cytoskeleton

Answer 19

consists of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell

Question 20

cilia

Answer 20

small hair like structures used for movement or sensing things

Question 21

plasma membrane

Answer 21

composed of a phospholipid bilayer

Question 22

flagellum

Answer 22

longer whip like structures used for movement

Question 23

peroxisome

Answer 23

breakles down toxins and fatty acids

Question 24

What organelles are in plant cells and not animal cells

Answer 24

cell wall
chloroplast
central vacuole

Question 25

what organelles are in animal cells and not plants cells

Answer 25

lysosome

*rarely in plants cells

Question 26

water potential

Answer 26

potentiak for water to do work. highest water potential can be is 0 in pure or distilled water. as more solutes are added water potential goes down.

Question 27

hypertonic to ___

Answer 27

more solute compared to something else

Question 28

isotonic to __

Answer 28

same concentration as something else

Question 29

hypotonic to __

Answer 29

fewer solute than seomthing else

Question 30

equation of water potential

Answer 30

ψ =ψp+ψs

Question 31

ψs

Answer 31

solute potential: given by the equation -iCRT

Question 31

ψp

Answer 31

pressure potential: usually 0 unless provided

Question 32

-iCRT

Answer 32

i= ionization constant
C=molar concentration
R= pressure constant (0.0831)
T= temperature

Question 33

What does R always equal in -iCRT

Answer 33

R or pressure constant is always 0.0831

Question 34

Where does the water want to go

Answer 34

Water wants to go where the water molecules are less concentrated to make the water molecule concentration higher. If there is more solute then water will want to move there rather than stay where there are less solutes.

Question 35

osmosis

Answer 35

movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher concentration. continues until solute concentration is equal.

Question 36

osmolarity

Answer 36

the number of particles of solute per liter of solution,

Question 37

concentration gradient direction

Answer 37

high to low