Test #1

Question 1

where is the fertile crescent

Answer 1

between the Mediterranean sea and the Persian Gulf

Question 2

which geographical factor contributed most to the rich soil of Mesopotamia

Answer 2

silt

Question 3

The river valleys of Mesopotamia not only supported agriculture. They also

Answer 3

provided transport and encouraged trade

Question 4

The Mesopotamian religion, which identified nearly 3,000 gods and goddesses, can be described as

Answer 4

polytheistic

Question 5

In addition to kings, who had great political power in Sumeria?

Answer 5

priests and priestesses

Question 6

Wealth and economic power in Sumer was dictated mainly by

Answer 6

religion

Question 7

Which of these innovations is Sumerian?

Answer 7

a # based on 60

Question 8

An achievement of Sumerian culture was the development of the

Answer 8

wagon wheel

Question 9

In construction, the Sumerians developed the

Answer 9

arch

Question 10

The Sumerians were the first to make

Answer 10

bronze

Question 11

The central meeting place in a polis was usually a hill called

Answer 11

acropolis

Question 12

According to Aristotle, to whom did a citizen of a polis belong?

Answer 12

to the state

Question 13

The new Greek military system, based on the use of hoplites, involved

Answer 13

heavily armed footsoldiers who marched into battle in tight formations, carrying large shields to protect them from the enemy.

Question 14

The Greeks spread their culture throughout the ancient world by

Answer 14

leaving their homeland to establish distant colonies with good prospects in farming and trading.

Question 15

Who supported the efforts of the Greek tyrants to control the city-states?

Answer 15

those who had used their skills in trade and industry to become wealthy

Question 16

What did the people of Sparta do when they wanted to expand their city-state?

Answer 16

they conquered the neighboring colonies of Laconia and Messenia

Question 17

who were the ephors

Answer 17

A group of five Spartan men who oversaw the education of the youth and all citizens’ conduct.

Question 18

How did the Athenians react to the laws enacted by their leader Draco?

Answer 18

They gave full power to Solon, who canceled debts and freed those who had been enslaved for owing money under Draco

Question 19

When Athens was an oligarchy, who were the people who served as its rulers?

Answer 19

aristocrats

Question 20

How did Cleisthenes lay the foundations for democracy in Athens?

Answer 20

He created a council of 500 that proposed, debated, and voted on laws before enacting them.

Question 21

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus attempted to help the landless poor by…?

Answer 21

taking back land from large landowners.

Question 22

What was the outcome of the Gracchus’s plan?

Answer 22

It caused instability.

Question 23

To whom did Marius’s landless military recruits swear an oath?

Answer 23

the general

Question 24

What was one effect of Marius’s new recruitment strategy?

Answer 24

sulla seized power in Rome

Question 25

Julius Caesar was a member of the______

Answer 25

first triumvirate

Question 26

How did the civil war between Caesar and Pompey end

Answer 26

Caesar defeated Pompey and was named dictator.

Question 27

After Caesar’s death, Octavian and Antony…

Answer 27

fought control for Rome

Question 28

In 31 B.C., at the Battle of Actium in Greece..

Answer 28

Octavian destroyed Antony and Cleopatra’s army.

Question 29

After the defeat of Antony…?

Answer 29

Rome became an empire with Augustus as emperor.

Question 30

Augustus changed Roman law, such that?

Answer 30

the emperor had direct control over the provinces

Question 31

what contributed to Rome’s expansion

Answer 31

large fertile plains

Question 32

Because Rome was built where the Tiber River was narrow ________

Answer 32

it was a natural place for travelers to cross

Question 33

After 650 B.C., which group migrated south from Etruria and came to control Rome?

Answer 33

etruscans

Question 34

What was one effect of the Etruscan influence?

Answer 34

Rome Transferred from a Village to a City.

Question 35

The two orders of Roman society were known as the_____

Answer 35

plebians and patricians

Question 36

Describe the plebeians

Answer 36

social class made up of craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers

Question 37

the twelve tables were

Answer 37

Rome’s first system of law

Question 38

Romans associated the Law of Nations with

Answer 38

natural or universal law

Question 39

what sparked the first Punic war

Answer 39

Romes invasion of Sicily

Question 40

What happened After the end of the Third Punic War?

Answer 40

Rome controlled the whole of the Mediterranean

Question 41

What kind of government did the Roman Empire have under the Severan Rulers?

Answer 41

a military government

Question 42

In the third century, the Roman Empire was invaded in the west by Germanic tribes and in the east by

Answer 42

sassanid Persians

Question 43

Why would the Roman army hire Germans to fight as Roman soldiers?

Answer 43

Because the plague had killed so many people, there were not enough Roman men to satisfy the army’s need for soldiers.

Question 44

Why did Diocletian divide the Roman Empire into four prefectures?

Answer 44

He believed the empire had grown too large for a single ruler.

Question 45

Why did most jobs become hereditary during the reigns of Diocletian and Constantine?

Answer 45

To ensure the tax base and cope with a labor shortage, the emperors issued edicts that forced workers to stay in their jobs.

Question 46

The social and political reforms of Diocletian and Constantine ___________.

Answer 46

were only temporarily successful

Question 47

Which of the following statements about Constantinople is true?

Answer 47

It became one of the great cities of the world.

Question 48

who were the Huns

Answer 48

a tribe of nomads from Asia who pushed the Visigoths into Roman territory

Question 49

who was Romulus Augustus

Answer 49

the emperor deposed in 476

Question 50

who were the vandals

Answer 50

a Germanic tribe that sacked the city of Rome in 455

Question 51

who led the army that defeated the Ostrogoths in Italy

Answer 51

belisarius

Question 52

What was Justinian’s most important contribution to western culture?

Answer 52

Codifying Roman law in The Body of Civil Law

Question 53

Justinian rebuilt the city of _____________.

Answer 53

constantinople

Question 54

This city was the chief center for trade between the east and west.

Answer 54

constantinople

Question 55

Which of the following statements best describes the role of the Christian Church in the Byzantine Empire?

Answer 55

The Byzantines believed that God had commanded their state to preserve true Christianity.

Question 56

What group challenged the Byzantine Empire by advancing into Asia Minor in the eleventh century?

Answer 56

turks

Question 57

Who were Leo IX and Michael Cerularius?

Answer 57

They were the pope and patriarch who excommunicated each other in 1054.

Question 58

What happened when the eastern Roman army was defeated by Islamic troops at Yarmuk in 636?

Answer 58

The Eastern Roman Empire lost the provinces Syria and Palestine.

Question 59

How did the Macedonian emperors foster economic prosperity in the Byzantine Empire?

Answer 59

by expanding trade relations with western Europe

Question 60

When the Byzantine emperor outlawed icons, how did the Catholic church in the west respond?

Answer 60

it condemned the act