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World History Honors > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

where is the fertile crescent

A

between the Mediterranean sea and the Persian Gulf

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2
Q

which geographical factor contributed most to the rich soil of Mesopotamia

A

silt

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3
Q

The river valleys of Mesopotamia not only supported agriculture. They also

A

provided transport and encouraged trade

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4
Q

The Mesopotamian religion, which identified nearly 3,000 gods and goddesses, can be described as

A

polytheistic

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5
Q

In addition to kings, who had great political power in Sumeria?

A

priests and priestesses

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6
Q

Wealth and economic power in Sumer was dictated mainly by

A

religion

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7
Q

Which of these innovations is Sumerian?

A

a # based on 60

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8
Q

An achievement of Sumerian culture was the development of the

A

wagon wheel

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9
Q

In construction, the Sumerians developed the

A

arch

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10
Q

The Sumerians were the first to make

A

bronze

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11
Q

The central meeting place in a polis was usually a hill called

A

acropolis

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12
Q

According to Aristotle, to whom did a citizen of a polis belong?

A

to the state

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13
Q

The new Greek military system, based on the use of hoplites, involved

A

heavily armed footsoldiers who marched into battle in tight formations, carrying large shields to protect them from the enemy.

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14
Q

The Greeks spread their culture throughout the ancient world by

A

leaving their homeland to establish distant colonies with good prospects in farming and trading.

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15
Q

Who supported the efforts of the Greek tyrants to control the city-states?

A

those who had used their skills in trade and industry to become wealthy

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16
Q

What did the people of Sparta do when they wanted to expand their city-state?

A

they conquered the neighboring colonies of Laconia and Messenia

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17
Q

who were the ephors

A

A group of five Spartan men who oversaw the education of the youth and all citizens’ conduct.

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18
Q

How did the Athenians react to the laws enacted by their leader Draco?

A

They gave full power to Solon, who canceled debts and freed those who had been enslaved for owing money under Draco

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19
Q

When Athens was an oligarchy, who were the people who served as its rulers?

A

aristocrats

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20
Q

How did Cleisthenes lay the foundations for democracy in Athens?

A

He created a council of 500 that proposed, debated, and voted on laws before enacting them.

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21
Q

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus attempted to help the landless poor by…?

A

taking back land from large landowners.

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22
Q

What was the outcome of the Gracchus’s plan?

A

It caused instability.

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23
Q

To whom did Marius’s landless military recruits swear an oath?

A

the general

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24
Q

What was one effect of Marius’s new recruitment strategy?

A

sulla seized power in Rome

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25
Q

Julius Caesar was a member of the______

A

first triumvirate

26
Q

How did the civil war between Caesar and Pompey end

A

Caesar defeated Pompey and was named dictator.

27
Q

After Caesar’s death, Octavian and Antony…

A

fought control for Rome

28
Q

In 31 B.C., at the Battle of Actium in Greece..

A

Octavian destroyed Antony and Cleopatra’s army.

29
Q

After the defeat of Antony…?

A

Rome became an empire with Augustus as emperor.

30
Q

Augustus changed Roman law, such that?

A

the emperor had direct control over the provinces

31
Q

what contributed to Rome’s expansion

A

large fertile plains

32
Q

Because Rome was built where the Tiber River was narrow ________

A

it was a natural place for travelers to cross

33
Q

After 650 B.C., which group migrated south from Etruria and came to control Rome?

A

etruscans

34
Q

What was one effect of the Etruscan influence?

A

Rome Transferred from a Village to a City.

35
Q

The two orders of Roman society were known as the_____

A

plebians and patricians

36
Q

Describe the plebeians

A

social class made up of craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers

37
Q

the twelve tables were

A

Rome’s first system of law

38
Q

Romans associated the Law of Nations with

A

natural or universal law

39
Q

what sparked the first Punic war

A

Romes invasion of Sicily

40
Q

What happened After the end of the Third Punic War?

A

Rome controlled the whole of the Mediterranean

41
Q

What kind of government did the Roman Empire have under the Severan Rulers?

A

a military government

42
Q

In the third century, the Roman Empire was invaded in the west by Germanic tribes and in the east by

A

sassanid Persians

43
Q

Why would the Roman army hire Germans to fight as Roman soldiers?

A

Because the plague had killed so many people, there were not enough Roman men to satisfy the army’s need for soldiers.

44
Q

Why did Diocletian divide the Roman Empire into four prefectures?

A

He believed the empire had grown too large for a single ruler.

45
Q

Why did most jobs become hereditary during the reigns of Diocletian and Constantine?

A

To ensure the tax base and cope with a labor shortage, the emperors issued edicts that forced workers to stay in their jobs.

46
Q

The social and political reforms of Diocletian and Constantine ___________.

A

were only temporarily successful

47
Q

Which of the following statements about Constantinople is true?

A

It became one of the great cities of the world.

48
Q

who were the Huns

A

a tribe of nomads from Asia who pushed the Visigoths into Roman territory

49
Q

who was Romulus Augustus

A

the emperor deposed in 476

50
Q

who were the vandals

A

a Germanic tribe that sacked the city of Rome in 455

51
Q

who led the army that defeated the Ostrogoths in Italy

A

belisarius

52
Q

What was Justinian’s most important contribution to western culture?

A

Codifying Roman law in The Body of Civil Law

53
Q

Justinian rebuilt the city of _____________.

A

constantinople

54
Q

This city was the chief center for trade between the east and west.

A

constantinople

55
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the role of the Christian Church in the Byzantine Empire?

A

The Byzantines believed that God had commanded their state to preserve true Christianity.

56
Q

What group challenged the Byzantine Empire by advancing into Asia Minor in the eleventh century?

A

turks

57
Q

Who were Leo IX and Michael Cerularius?

A

They were the pope and patriarch who excommunicated each other in 1054.

58
Q

What happened when the eastern Roman army was defeated by Islamic troops at Yarmuk in 636?

A

The Eastern Roman Empire lost the provinces Syria and Palestine.

59
Q

How did the Macedonian emperors foster economic prosperity in the Byzantine Empire?

A

by expanding trade relations with western Europe

60
Q

When the Byzantine emperor outlawed icons, how did the Catholic church in the west respond?

A

it condemned the act

World History Honors (19 decks)

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