test 1 Flashcards
what is the charge of a:
- atom
- electron
- proton
- neutron
- atom = neutral
- electron = negative
- proton = positive
- neutron = neutral
How many elements in the periodic table?
118 (26 are not found naturally they are synthetic)
what is a compound?
a substance made up of 2 or more elements
what does the atomic number tell you?
- what no. the element is on the periodic table
- the number of protons found in the nucleus
- the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus
what does the mass number tell you?
the mass number tells us the number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus
what are isotopes?
atoms that belong to the same element however have a different number of neutrons in the nucleus meaning it has a different mass number .
list all the particles in an atom from lightest to heaviest?
- electron
- proton
- neutron
- atom
describe the meaning of when electrons are in their ground state?
when electrons are in their ground state they are in located in the shells closest to the nucleus
describe the meaning of excited electrons?
- valence electrons can be excited when heat energy is applied to the atom allowing the valence electrons to promote to a higher level (an outer shell further away from the nucleus), when the electron returns to its ground state it emits energy in the form of light
how many electrons can an orbital hold?
up to 2 electrons
list the different subshells in order?
Smart People Don’t Forget
how many orbitals are in each subshell?
S subshell = 1 orbital
P subshell = 3 orbitals
D subshell = 5 orbitals
F subshell = 7 orbitals
list the order of electron shells to 3d
- 1s
- 2s
- 2p
- 3s
- 3p
- 4s
- 3d
How many electrons can fill the S subshell?
2
How many electrons can fill the P subshell?
6
How many electrons can fill the D subshell?
10
what are the G1 elements know as?
- the alkali metals
what are the G2 elements know as?
- the alkali earths
what are the G17 elements know as?
- halogens
what are the G18 elements know as?
- noble gases
what groups are the transition metals?
G3-12
which group forms ions that have a charge of +1?
group 1
which group forms ions that have a charge of +2?
group 2
which group forms ions that have a charge of -1?
group 17
which group of elements does not form ions?
group 18
which group on the periodic table are all metals?
transition groups
when does metallic bonding occur?
occurs between metal atoms
when does ionic bonding occur?
occurs between non-metal and metal atoms
what are ions?
are atoms that have gained or lost an electron giving them a positive or negative charge
what happens to the name of a negative ion in ionic compounds?
the negative ions name changes to ‘ide’
characteristics in ionic bonding?
4
- metal + non-metal elements
- non-metallic atoms have a strong hold on their valence electrons
- non-metallic atoms gain electrons from metal atoms
- electrostatic forces pull the P & N ions together
each ion is surround by ions of the opposite charge which creates a 3D structure called a lattice
what is the name for a POS ion?
- cation
what is the name for a NEG ion?
- anion
characteristics in metallic bonding?
- metal atoms have a weak hold on their valence electrons
- metal atoms become positive ions
- positive ion makes it an opposite charge with the electrons
- this makes the electrons attract creating electrostatic force, which provides multidirectional bonding between POS ions and delocalised electrons
what does ductile mean?
when metal elements can be drawn out into a thin wire
in every group all the elements have the same number of electrons in the ……
outer shell
periods are the….
horizontal columns
groups are the….
vertical columns
what makes an ion a good electrical conductor?
when the charges are able to freely move it makes it a good electrical conductor eg. metallic bonding with the delocalised electrons
which group forms ions that have a charge of -2?
group 16
which group forms ions that have a charge of +3?
group 13
which group forms ions that have a charge of -3?
group 15
where is the s block on the periodic table?
group 1 & 2 - the left of the transition metals
where is the p block on the periodic table?
group 3 - 18 - the right of the transition metals
where is the d block on the periodic table?
group 3 - 12 the transition metals
where is the f block on the periodic table?
the lanthanides & actinides (bottom 2 rows of the periodic table)
What happens when 2 negative charges are near each other?
they repel each other
What happens when opposite charges are near each other?
they attract and stick together
