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Chemistry > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the charge of a:

  • atom
  • electron
  • proton
  • neutron
A
  • atom = neutral
  • electron = negative
  • proton = positive
  • neutron = neutral
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2
Q

How many elements in the periodic table?

A

118 (26 are not found naturally they are synthetic)

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3
Q

what is a compound?

A

a substance made up of 2 or more elements

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4
Q

what does the atomic number tell you?

A
  • what no. the element is on the periodic table
  • the number of protons found in the nucleus
  • the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus
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5
Q

what does the mass number tell you?

A

the mass number tells us the number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus

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6
Q

what are isotopes?

A

atoms that belong to the same element however have a different number of neutrons in the nucleus meaning it has a different mass number .

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7
Q

list all the particles in an atom from lightest to heaviest?

A
  1. electron
  2. proton
  3. neutron
  4. atom
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8
Q

describe the meaning of when electrons are in their ground state?

A

when electrons are in their ground state they are in located in the shells closest to the nucleus

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9
Q

describe the meaning of excited electrons?

A
  • valence electrons can be excited when heat energy is applied to the atom allowing the valence electrons to promote to a higher level (an outer shell further away from the nucleus), when the electron returns to its ground state it emits energy in the form of light
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10
Q

how many electrons can an orbital hold?

A

up to 2 electrons

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11
Q

list the different subshells in order?

A

Smart People Don’t Forget

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12
Q

how many orbitals are in each subshell?

A

S subshell = 1 orbital
P subshell = 3 orbitals
D subshell = 5 orbitals
F subshell = 7 orbitals

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13
Q

list the order of electron shells to 3d

A
  • 1s
  • 2s
  • 2p
  • 3s
  • 3p
  • 4s
  • 3d
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14
Q

How many electrons can fill the S subshell?

A

2

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15
Q

How many electrons can fill the P subshell?

A

6

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16
Q

How many electrons can fill the D subshell?

A

10

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17
Q

what are the G1 elements know as?

A
  • the alkali metals
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18
Q

what are the G2 elements know as?

A
  • the alkali earths
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19
Q

what are the G17 elements know as?

A
  • halogens
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20
Q

what are the G18 elements know as?

A
  • noble gases
21
Q

what groups are the transition metals?

A

G3-12

22
Q

which group forms ions that have a charge of +1?

A

group 1

23
Q

which group forms ions that have a charge of +2?

A

group 2

24
Q

which group forms ions that have a charge of -1?

A

group 17

25
Q

which group of elements does not form ions?

A

group 18

26
Q

which group on the periodic table are all metals?

A

transition groups

27
Q

when does metallic bonding occur?

A

occurs between metal atoms

28
Q

when does ionic bonding occur?

A

occurs between non-metal and metal atoms

29
Q

what are ions?

A

are atoms that have gained or lost an electron giving them a positive or negative charge

30
Q

what happens to the name of a negative ion in ionic compounds?

A

the negative ions name changes to ‘ide’

31
Q

characteristics in ionic bonding?

4

A
  • metal + non-metal elements
  • non-metallic atoms have a strong hold on their valence electrons
  • non-metallic atoms gain electrons from metal atoms
  • electrostatic forces pull the P & N ions together
    each ion is surround by ions of the opposite charge which creates a 3D structure called a lattice
32
Q

what is the name for a POS ion?

A
  • cation
33
Q

what is the name for a NEG ion?

A
  • anion
34
Q

characteristics in metallic bonding?

A
  • metal atoms have a weak hold on their valence electrons
  • metal atoms become positive ions
  • positive ion makes it an opposite charge with the electrons
  • this makes the electrons attract creating electrostatic force, which provides multidirectional bonding between POS ions and delocalised electrons
35
Q

what does ductile mean?

A

when metal elements can be drawn out into a thin wire

36
Q

in every group all the elements have the same number of electrons in the ……

A

outer shell

37
Q

periods are the….

A

horizontal columns

38
Q

groups are the….

A

vertical columns

39
Q

what makes an ion a good electrical conductor?

A

when the charges are able to freely move it makes it a good electrical conductor eg. metallic bonding with the delocalised electrons

40
Q

which group forms ions that have a charge of -2?

A

group 16

41
Q

which group forms ions that have a charge of +3?

A

group 13

42
Q

which group forms ions that have a charge of -3?

A

group 15

43
Q

where is the s block on the periodic table?

A

group 1 & 2 - the left of the transition metals

44
Q

where is the p block on the periodic table?

A

group 3 - 18 - the right of the transition metals

45
Q

where is the d block on the periodic table?

A

group 3 - 12 the transition metals

46
Q

where is the f block on the periodic table?

A

the lanthanides & actinides (bottom 2 rows of the periodic table)

47
Q

What happens when 2 negative charges are near each other?

A

they repel each other

48
Q

What happens when opposite charges are near each other?

A

they attract and stick together

Chemistry (8 decks)

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