Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What are hydrocarbons?
compounds that consist of non-metal elements, carbon and hydrogen.
how many bonds can carbon form?
carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds with other carbon atoms .
when is a molecule stable?
a molecule is stable when its outer valence shell is full .
name the first 10 prefixes for organic molecules.
1C = meth 2C= eth 3C= prop 4C= but 5C= pent 6C= hex 7C= hept 8C= oct 9C= non 10C= dec
how to remember the first 4 prefixes?
- Mary Eats Peanut Butter
- Monkeys Eat Peeled Bananas
How do we name the ending of the molecule name?
it depends on the type of covalent bond in the molecule .
what are the three suffixs for covalent bonding?
- single covalent bonds= ane
- double covalent bonds= ene
- triple covalent bonds= yne
what is the suffix for side branches in carbon molecules?
- branches= yl
define pure hydrocarbons?
organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen
define saturated pure hydrocarbons?
organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen with only a single bond only
define alkanes?
fully saturated hydrocarbons
define halogenation?
the replacement of hydrogen atoms
define dehydrogenation?
the removal of hydrogen atoms
define alkenes?
a family containing a double carbon to carbon bond
what does organic chemistry refer to?
it refers to carbon-based compounds
what are the four main elements involved in organic chemistry?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
name 2 inorganic compounds?
carbon monoxide (CO) carbon dioxide (CO2)
what is a single bond?
when one pair of electrons are being shared in a molecule
what is a double bond?
when 2 pairs of electrons are being shared in a molecule
what is a triple bond?
when 3 pairs of electrons are being shared in a molecule
what is a homologous series?
it is a name given to molecules that have formulas differing by one or more CH2 units .
what are compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen?
hydrocarbons
what is crude oil?
crude oil is formed by decomposed dead animal and plant remains that have been heated and pressured that have been around for a long period of time .
what happens when you crack and alkane?
produces shorter carbon chain alkanes or possibly alkenes
what does alcohol contain?
a function group called hydroxy (-OH)
what is the hydroxy group?
an/group of atom/s which affect physical and chemical properties of the basic compound it id attached to
what is the chemical formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
what is the chemical formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
what is the chemical formula for alkynes?
CnH2n-2
why is it not possible for methene and methyne to exisit?
these molecules can not exist as a double/triple bond is required to form however, there is only one carbon therefore no double/triple bond can form?
discuss the process of fractional distillation?
different alkanes have different boiling points. Crude oil is heated and put into a fractional column with a heat gradient, where it separates the alkanes according to its boiling points .
name the fractions from top to bottom?
and describe one use for each fraction
- gas, fuel
- petrol, fuel for cars
- kero, fuel for jets
- diesel oil, fuel for central heating
- lubricating oil, oil for machines like cars
- fuel oil, fuel for ships
- paraffin wax, candles
- bitumen, roads
what is avagadros number?
6.02 times 10 to the 23
what does M mean?
molar mass
what does m mean?
mass
what does n mean?
the mole
