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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

compounds that consist of non-metal elements, carbon and hydrogen.

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2
Q

how many bonds can carbon form?

A

carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds with other carbon atoms .

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3
Q

when is a molecule stable?

A

a molecule is stable when its outer valence shell is full .

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4
Q

name the first 10 prefixes for organic molecules.

A 
1C = meth 
2C= eth 
3C= prop
4C= but
5C= pent
6C= hex
7C= hept
8C= oct
9C= non
10C= dec
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5
Q

how to remember the first 4 prefixes?

A
  • Mary Eats Peanut Butter

- Monkeys Eat Peeled Bananas

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6
Q

How do we name the ending of the molecule name?

A

it depends on the type of covalent bond in the molecule .

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7
Q

what are the three suffixs for covalent bonding?

A
  • single covalent bonds= ane
  • double covalent bonds= ene
  • triple covalent bonds= yne
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8
Q

what is the suffix for side branches in carbon molecules?

A
  • branches= yl
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9
Q

define pure hydrocarbons?

A

organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen

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10
Q

define saturated pure hydrocarbons?

A

organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen with only a single bond only

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11
Q

define alkanes?

A

fully saturated hydrocarbons

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12
Q

define halogenation?

A

the replacement of hydrogen atoms

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13
Q

define dehydrogenation?

A

the removal of hydrogen atoms

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14
Q

define alkenes?

A

a family containing a double carbon to carbon bond

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15
Q

what does organic chemistry refer to?

A

it refers to carbon-based compounds

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16
Q

what are the four main elements involved in organic chemistry?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

17
Q

name 2 inorganic compounds?

A 
carbon monoxide (CO) 
carbon dioxide (CO2)
18
Q

what is a single bond?

A

when one pair of electrons are being shared in a molecule

19
Q

what is a double bond?

A

when 2 pairs of electrons are being shared in a molecule

20
Q

what is a triple bond?

A

when 3 pairs of electrons are being shared in a molecule

21
Q

what is a homologous series?

A

it is a name given to molecules that have formulas differing by one or more CH2 units .

22
Q

what are compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen?

A

hydrocarbons

23
Q

what is crude oil?

A

crude oil is formed by decomposed dead animal and plant remains that have been heated and pressured that have been around for a long period of time .

24
Q

what happens when you crack and alkane?

A

produces shorter carbon chain alkanes or possibly alkenes

25
Q

what does alcohol contain?

A

a function group called hydroxy (-OH)

26
Q

what is the hydroxy group?

A

an/group of atom/s which affect physical and chemical properties of the basic compound it id attached to

27
Q

what is the chemical formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

28
Q

what is the chemical formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

29
Q

what is the chemical formula for alkynes?

A

CnH2n-2

30
Q

why is it not possible for methene and methyne to exisit?

A

these molecules can not exist as a double/triple bond is required to form however, there is only one carbon therefore no double/triple bond can form?

31
Q

discuss the process of fractional distillation?

A

different alkanes have different boiling points. Crude oil is heated and put into a fractional column with a heat gradient, where it separates the alkanes according to its boiling points .

32
Q

name the fractions from top to bottom?

and describe one use for each fraction

A
  • gas, fuel
  • petrol, fuel for cars
  • kero, fuel for jets
  • diesel oil, fuel for central heating
  • lubricating oil, oil for machines like cars
  • fuel oil, fuel for ships
  • paraffin wax, candles
  • bitumen, roads
33
Q

what is avagadros number?

A

6.02 times 10 to the 23

34
Q

what does M mean?

A

molar mass

35
Q

what does m mean?

A

mass

36
Q

what does n mean?

A

the mole

Chemistry (8 decks)

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