chapter 1 - atomic structure Flashcards

1
Q

what is the simplest atom?

A

hydrogen as it has one proton

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2
Q

define element

A

substances that contain only one type of atom

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3
Q

define molecules

A

substances that consist of two or more atoms

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4
Q

what is the scale to 1m

A

= 10^2 cm
= 10^3 mm
= 10^6 micro m
= 10^9 nm

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5
Q

what is the symbol for atomic number

A

z

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6
Q

what is the symbol for mass number

A

a

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7
Q

how to calculate mass number?

A

no. p + no. n

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8
Q

what does E refer to?

A

the symbol for an element

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9
Q

what are isotopes?

A

forms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons in the nucleus

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10
Q

what happens when an element is heated?

A

it emits energy in the form of light, that then passes through a prism that produces an atomic emission spectrum

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11
Q

label the electron shells

A
1 = k
2 = l
3 = m 
4 = n
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12
Q

what electron shell has the lowest energy level

A

electron shell 1 = k

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13
Q

when can an electron leave an atom?

A

when an electron gains enough energy it can leave the atom, therefore giving the atom a charge

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14
Q

define ion

A

atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons therefore leaving the atom positively or negatively charged

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15
Q

name the sub-shells

A

s, p, d, f

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16
Q

max number of electrons in the s sub-shell

17
Q

max number of electrons in the p sub-shell

18
Q

max number of electrons in the d sub-shell

19
Q

max number of electrons in the f sub-shell

20
Q

label the order of sub-shell filling

A

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^s 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10

21
Q

what two elements have irregular electron configartions

A

chromium and copper

22
Q

what is the electron configuration of chromium

A

1s^2 2s^S 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^5 4s^1

23
Q

what is the electron configuration of copper

A

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^10 4s^1

24
Q

maximum number of electrons in shell 1

25
maximum number of electrons in shell 2
8
26
maximum number of electrons in shell 3
18
27
maximum number of electrons in shell 4
32
28
how many shells in the valence shell
8 only
29
how are different wavelengths created
when heated valence electrons return to their ground state electrons can move in one or multiple jumps emitting energy therefore creating different wavelengths
30
how to abbreviate electron configurations with noble gases
eg. [Ar] ......