chapter 1 - atomic structure

Question 1

what is the simplest atom?

Answer 1

hydrogen as it has one proton

Question 2

define element

Answer 2

substances that contain only one type of atom

Question 3

define molecules

Answer 3

substances that consist of two or more atoms

Question 4

what is the scale to 1m

Answer 4

= 10^2 cm
= 10^3 mm
= 10^6 micro m
= 10^9 nm

Question 5

what is the symbol for atomic number

Answer 5

z

Question 6

what is the symbol for mass number

Answer 6

a

Question 7

how to calculate mass number?

Answer 7

no. p + no. n

Question 8

what does E refer to?

Answer 8

the symbol for an element

Question 9

what are isotopes?

Answer 9

forms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons in the nucleus

Question 10

what happens when an element is heated?

Answer 10

it emits energy in the form of light, that then passes through a prism that produces an atomic emission spectrum

Question 11

label the electron shells

Answer 11

1 = k
2 = l
3 = m 
4 = n

Question 12

what electron shell has the lowest energy level

Answer 12

electron shell 1 = k

Question 13

when can an electron leave an atom?

Answer 13

when an electron gains enough energy it can leave the atom, therefore giving the atom a charge

Question 14

define ion

Answer 14

atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons therefore leaving the atom positively or negatively charged

Question 15

name the sub-shells

Answer 15

s, p, d, f

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Question 16

max number of electrons in the s sub-shell

Answer 16

2

Question 17

max number of electrons in the p sub-shell

Answer 17

6

Question 18

max number of electrons in the d sub-shell

Answer 18

10

Question 19

max number of electrons in the f sub-shell

Answer 19

14

Question 20

label the order of sub-shell filling

Answer 20

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^s 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10

Question 21

what two elements have irregular electron configartions

Answer 21

chromium and copper

Question 22

what is the electron configuration of chromium

Answer 22

1s^2 2s^S 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^5 4s^1

Question 23

what is the electron configuration of copper

Answer 23

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^10 4s^1

Question 24

maximum number of electrons in shell 1

Answer 24

2

Question 25

maximum number of electrons in shell 2

Answer 25

8

Question 26

maximum number of electrons in shell 3

Answer 26

18

Question 27

maximum number of electrons in shell 4

Answer 27

32

Question 28

how many shells in the valence shell

Answer 28

8 only

Question 29

how are different wavelengths created

Answer 29

when heated valence electrons return to their ground state electrons can move in one or multiple jumps emitting energy therefore creating different wavelengths

Question 30

how to abbreviate electron configurations with noble gases

Answer 30

eg. [Ar] ……