chapter 1 - atomic structure Flashcards
what is the simplest atom?
hydrogen as it has one proton
define element
substances that contain only one type of atom
define molecules
substances that consist of two or more atoms
what is the scale to 1m
= 10^2 cm
= 10^3 mm
= 10^6 micro m
= 10^9 nm
what is the symbol for atomic number
z
what is the symbol for mass number
a
how to calculate mass number?
no. p + no. n
what does E refer to?
the symbol for an element
what are isotopes?
forms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons in the nucleus
what happens when an element is heated?
it emits energy in the form of light, that then passes through a prism that produces an atomic emission spectrum
label the electron shells
1 = k 2 = l 3 = m 4 = n
what electron shell has the lowest energy level
electron shell 1 = k
when can an electron leave an atom?
when an electron gains enough energy it can leave the atom, therefore giving the atom a charge
define ion
atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons therefore leaving the atom positively or negatively charged
name the sub-shells
s, p, d, f
Smart People Don’t Forget
max number of electrons in the s sub-shell
2
max number of electrons in the p sub-shell
6
max number of electrons in the d sub-shell
10
max number of electrons in the f sub-shell
14
label the order of sub-shell filling
1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^s 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10
what two elements have irregular electron configartions
chromium and copper
what is the electron configuration of chromium
1s^2 2s^S 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^5 4s^1
what is the electron configuration of copper
1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^10 4s^1
maximum number of electrons in shell 1
2
maximum number of electrons in shell 2
8
maximum number of electrons in shell 3
18
maximum number of electrons in shell 4
32
how many shells in the valence shell
8 only
how are different wavelengths created
when heated valence electrons return to their ground state electrons can move in one or multiple jumps emitting energy therefore creating different wavelengths
how to abbreviate electron configurations with noble gases
eg. [Ar] ……
