Chemical change and reaction - test 2 Flashcards
what is a decomposition reaction?
when a single reactant breaks a part to form several products eg. XY -> X + Y
what is a combination reaction?
occurs when 2 reactants combine to form a single product eg. X + Y -> XY
what is a precipitation reaction?
when 2 clear soluble solutions are mixed together, and react to form an insoluble solid known as the precipitate
- also known as a displacement reaction
what is a neutralisation reaction?
when an acid and a base are mixed together they neutralise each other to produce a salt (neutral) and water
what is a displacement reaction?
the swapping of cations and anions to form new ionic products/salts
- single or double displacement is possible
what is a combustion reaction?
COMPLETE = when a fuel and plentiful oxygen reacts to produce carbon dioxide and water (heat is present) INCOMPLETE = when fuel and limited oxygen react to produce carbon monoxide and water (heat is present)
name 3 common acids?
- hydrochloric acid = HCL
- nitric acid = HNO3
- sulfuric acid = H2SSO4
what are the 4 states of a compound?
- solid = (s)
- aqueous = (aq)
- liquid = (l)
- gas = (g)
what are the 3 characteristics of solids?
- known as the precipitate
- insoluble
- given the symbol (s)
what are the 4 characteristics of solutions?
- are aqueous
- soluble
- dissolvable
- given the symbol (aq)
what does ANSPAM+ stand for?
All Nitrates Sodium Potassium AMmonium ions are always soluble
what is the law of the conservation of mass?
equal masses occur of the reactants and products
what is an exothermic reaction?
a reaction that releases energy in the form of heat pr light eg. combustion
what is an endothermic reaction?
a reaction that gains or absorbs energy eg. photosynthesis
what is respiration?
a chemical reaction that occurs inside of the cells in all living things to allow it to live . It involves the combination of glucose with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
