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Biology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a DNA nucleotide

A

-basic building block
- three components
1) deoxyribose
2) phosophate
3) nitrogen base
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine

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2
Q

DNA bases

A 
Purines- 2 ring
1) G
2) A
Pyridines- one ring
1) C
2) T
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3
Q

What kind of bonds are between DNA

A

Weak hydrogen bonds between the base, strong between sugars and phosophates

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4
Q

What bases match with which

A

t=a

c=g

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5
Q

Why are there weak bonds

A

So DNA can be copied

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6
Q

DNA replication

A

1) DNA unwinds
2) breaks in half (helicase)
3) new nucleotides replace old (polymerase)
4) exact copy of DNA

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7
Q

DNA v RNA

A

DNA-

1) contains deoxyribose
2) double stranded
3) AGCT
4) stays in nucleus

RNA-

1) ribose
2) single stranded
3) RGCU
4) can leave nucleus

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8
Q

mRNA

A

Carries the code for protein synthesis from the DNA to ribosomes

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9
Q

tRNA

A

Transfers amino acid to the ribosome

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10
Q

rRNA

A

makes up the ribosome, synthesized in nucleus

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11
Q

Transcription

A
  • one side of DNA used for RNA

- gets message from DNA to ribosome, but DNA stays in nucleus

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12
Q

Translation

A
  • mRNA strand is read by a ribosome and as a tRNA carries an amino acid
  • mRNA codon and the tRNA anti-codon bond together long enough to drop off an amino acid to make a protein chain
  • amino acids are added together, a protein is synthesized
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13
Q

What does DNA do

A
  • stores
  • transmits
  • copy
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14
Q

Transcription+Translation= Protein synthesis

A
  • 3 bases code for one animo acid
  • amino acids join together (peptide bond) to form a protein
  • proteins are one of the macromolrcules found in living organisms
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15
Q

Examples of proteins

A
  • insulin
  • hemogloubin
  • cartilage
  • hair
  • skin
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16
Q

What are proteins made of

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur

17
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins

A

Amino acid

18
Q

What is a protein

A

A polymer

19
Q

Dipeptides

A

2 amino acids bonded together

20
Q

Peptide

A

Bond between amino acids

21
Q

What are the r groups

A

They make the proteins different

22
Q

What are the four levels of a protein structure

A

Primary- linear sequence of amino acids
Secondary- polypetides form
Tertiary- r-groups interact with one another (causes folding)
Quaternary- more than one polypeptide chain making a protein

Biology (11 decks)

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