Test 1 Flashcards
According to Progressives, which of the following played a central role in creating social problems?
living and working environments
All of the following were benefits of living in an ethnic enclave EXCEPT
exposure to American customs and traditions.
According to the Progressive vision, how would improving individual neighborhoods help to improve the larger society?
Better environments would produce better citizens.
Why did some women disapprove of the Muller v. Oregon ruling?
It was based on the idea that women needed special rules due to their biology, which might give employers reason not to hire them.
Based on the Versailles Treaty, how was Germany portrayed to the rest of the world?
as solely responsible for starting World War I
Which of the following is the best definition of a holding company?
a huge corporation that controlled other companies by purchasing their stock
New Western historians challenge traditional interpretations of the past by emphasizing all of the following EXCEPT
the settlers’ triumph over obstacles.
Who was Alvin C. York?
York was a pacifist who eventually agreed to fight.
How did the United States fail to abide by Teller Amendment of 1898?
The United States did not leave the government and control of Cuba to its people.
Why did many wealthy, native-born Americans oppose political machines?
They were threatened by the growing power of immigrants.
The group that envisioned “one big union” that welcomed members regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, or skill was the
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).
What role did Russia play in the Schlieffen Plan?
Russia’s aggressive march forced the Germans to put a modified plan in place.
Ellis Island was established as
an immigration depot.
Middle-class women enjoyed greater leisure time during the late nineteenth century for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
the changing fashions, which allowed women to wear pants.
How were African American soldiers treated following the war?
Many African American soldiers were persecuted post-war by white supremacists fearing a black uprising for democracy.
The City Beautiful movement was intended to provide all of the following EXCEPT
protection and programs for the poor.
In 1886, costly delays in the railroad industry were eliminated by the establishment of
a standard gauge.
Which of the following was LEAST important to late nineteenth-century imperialism?
local settlements
What effect did Christian missionaries have on the Native American tribes in California?
Missionaries disrupted their way of life and transformed them into an exploited class of laborers.
Which of the following created a “banker’s bank”?
the Federal Reserve Act
Which of the following best characterizes the early American Federation of Labor?
an alliance of skilled workers that tried to improve wages and conditions
What was the Gentleman’s Agreement (1907–1908)?
an agreement to deny passports to Japanese workers intending to immigrate
Which goal did Progressives support for the working class?
improving living conditions
How was Wilson’s health affected while promoting the League of Nations?
Wilson suffered a stroke while promoting the League to the public.
Which of the following was an obstacle to working-class labor activism?
ethnic and racial divisions
The terror tactics of white supremacist organizations served all of the following purposes EXCEPT
coercing African American voters to support the Republican Party.
Which of the following men was NOT an innovator in the world of retail in the 1800s?
George Eastman
The railroad industry of the late 1800s was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
it was the second big business after steel.
How did American soldiers contribute to the Spanish Influenza epidemic?
Infected American soldiers carried the virus to France where it continued to spread.
Texas longhorns were introduced to the Americas by which nation?
Spain
What was the yellow press?
The yellow press was journalists and newspapers that reported sensationalist stories with a strong emotional component.
Which statement offers the best explanation for the lack of minimum wage laws until the 1930s?
Lawmakers interpreted Lochner v. New York as forbidding state intervention in employee–employer negotiations.
What did the Sea Islands of South Carolina and Davis Bend in Mississippi have in common?
Both locations were test cases for emancipation during and in the aftermath of the Civil War.
For workers, what problems might occur with welfare capitalism?
Benefits came with conditions.
Montgomery Ward’s broadsheet eventually became
a mail order catalog.
Why might Cubans have resented the Platt Amendment?
The amendment required Cuba to give the U.S. the right to a naval base at Guantánamo Bay.
The romanticized image of a virtuous South defeated by a ruthless North came to be known as
the Lost Cause.
Why were some activists angered by the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment?
The Fifteenth Amendment granted voting rights to African American men, but not to any American women.
What events led to the government’s takeover of the railway system?
There was unrest among laborers and the threat of a railway strike.
Who was the sixty-four-year-old, Bible-toting, axe-wielding, saloon-smashing member of the temperance movement?
Carry A. Nation
Which of the following is an apt comparison of changing trends during the Gilded Age?
The upward reach of city skylines was matched by the outward sprawl of suburbs.
How did the war affect regional and class tensions among the African American community?
Southern blacks faced discrimination from some northern blacks.
All of the following contributed to soil erosion EXCEPT
the introduction of foreign plants such as cheatgrass from Asia.
A When Theodore Roosevelt said, “No single great material work which remains to be undertaken on this continent is of such consequence to the American people,” to what was he referring?
the Panama Canal
Why did the government sponsor exhibits demonstrating primitive cultural practices from the Philippines at the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis?
to show that the Filipinos needed the civilizing influence of the United States
As the twentieth century approached, the rise of the consumer culture impacted Americans in all of the following ways EXCEPT
most Americans lived in urban areas with easy access to department stores.
As the Reconstruction era came to an end,
the South experienced a massive economic transformation.
Hull House provided all of the following EXCEPT
job placement for the unemployed.
Who was the People’s Party presidential candidate in 1896?
William Jennings Bryan
What was the primary reason why the Knights of Labor failed?
The union was unable to provide effective leadership on a national level.
In what way did business change at around the turn of the twentieth century?
Huge conglomerates replaced smaller businesses.
What made so-called “amigo warfare” in the Philippines different from traditional warfare?
During the day, enemy fighters would pretend to be friendly toward Americans and looked like any other peasants.
Which of the following did NOT encourage American overseas expansion?
the desire to reject the European colonial model
Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Spanish-American War?
the rebel attacks on Americanplantations
How did William Taft respond to the conservationist versus preservationist arguments of the Progressive Era?
He fired Roosevelt’s U.S. Forestry Director and signaled his disapproval for strong governmental regulation of land use.
Horatio Greenough’s sculpture, The Rescue (page 446), was removed from the entrance of the U.S. Capitol in 1958 because
it became a symbol justifying white domination of Native Americans.
The Wade-Davis Bill was evidence of many Congressional Republicans’ desire to
destroy the South’s slave society.
How did German Kaiser Wilhelm II impact the relationship between Austria-Hungary and Serbia?
His advisement led to an attack on Serbia by Austria-Hungary.
What is one way that the Siegel Cooper stores and the Woolworth stores differed?
The Siegel Cooper stores provided a lavish and opulent decor, while the Woolworth stores were simple and no-frills.
Why did Theodore Roosevelt send the nation’s battleships and destroyers on a tour around the world?
to demonstrate U.S. naval power
Why did Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan describe Nicaragua and other Latin American countries as “our political children, so to speak”?
Bryan was arguing that they needed the protection of a stronger, more advanced country.
Which of the following accounted for the rise of political machines in American cities?
the support of working-class voters
The section of a city devoted exclusively to commercial enterprises is called
a central business district.
The emergence of holding companies undermined the intent behind
the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
Why did President Theodore Roosevelt want to negotiate an end to the Russo-Japanese War?
Roosevelt wanted to avoid a possible future conflict between with Japan.
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of popular entertainment in the Gilded Age?
In ethnic neighborhoods, Old World theatrical productions were popular, while in more mainstream areas, musical comedies were popular.
All of the following were true of department stores in the 1800s EXCEPT
they allowed customers to negotiate for a fairer price.
Andrew Carnegie believed in all of the following as paths to success EXCEPT
coming from a wealthy background.
Why was the opening of the Panama Canal not front-page news in 1914?
World War I was just beginning in Europe.
The contrast between life on Fifth Avenue and life in Five Points exemplifies
the disparity between the wealthy and the poor in the nineteenth century.
The term “Reconstruction” signified all of the following EXCEPT
reconstructing Northern infrastructure.
The belief that the principles of evolution also applied to society was known as
social Darwinism.
Factory owners benefitted from new technology in all of the following ways EXCEPT
skilled workers were no longer needed.
According to the textbook, how did court decisions usually affect labor during the Progressive Era?
About half of the rulings favored business and the other half favored labor.
The primary reason why railroad companies sent agents to Europe to promote immigration to the American West was because
the railroads needed cheap labor.
What was one consequence of the 1892 election?
The election brought mixed results for the People’s Party.
What was the primary cause of the Panic of 1873?
the rise in risks assumed by Wall Street investors
What slogan did Woodrow Wilson use to help get reelected in 1916?
“He Kept Us Out of War”
What is one way the Committee on Public Information helped the war effort?
The organization created propaganda to boost morale.
In 1894, a protest march from Ohio to Washington, D.C. was held by
Coxey’s Army.
Members of the farmers’ alliances spoke out against all of the following EXCEPT
high wages demanded by the migrant laborers who traveled from farm to farm.
By 1900, how many Americans lived in urban areas?
two out of five
Why was land ownership so important to newly freed African Americans?
Owning land granted newly freed African Americans with a sense of independence.
Which of the following was not a fictional character in popular literature of the nineteenth century?
Buffalo Bill
What act set aside vast tracts of the Oklahoma Territory for Native Americans?
the Indian Appropriations Act
The ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment was intended to ensure
the right to vote for all men.
Frederick Jackson Turner drafted an essay that came to be known as
the Frontier Thesis.
President Johnson was impeached by the House of Representatives in the wake of
firing the Secretary of War without consulting Congress.
President Cleveland broke the Pullman strike on the grounds that it
had obstructed the delivery of mail.
The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) crusaded for
prohibition.
The passage of the Pendleton Act in 1883
placed ten percent of federal jobs under civil service.
The most elite Native American tribes
owned horses.
Hunting and human activity on the Great Plains led to the eradication or near eradication of all of the following animals EXCEPT
horses.
Which person would be most likely to support the new name of the site of the Battle of Little Bighorn?
Patricia Nelson Limerick
Which bloody clash between Sioux Ghost Dancers and the U.S. Army came to symbolize the brutality associated with conquering the West?
the Wounded Knee Massacre
A Progressive Era term for investigative journalists who wrote exposés on government and business corruption was
“muckraker.”
Which of the following was NOT a measure Progressives took to reduce corruption in state politics?
They sanctioned boycotts of businesses that bribed city officials.
The Workingmen’s Benevolent Association was formed by
coal miners.
Annie Oakley helped to shape the role of women in the West by
presenting an ideal image of frontier women.
Which ethnic group began to move North during the 1910s?
Black southerners
Who was Emilio Aguinaldo?
the rebel Filipino leader
How did Theodore Roosevelt react to the rising power of corporations?
He accepted corporations as a fact of life, but broke up trusts he thought were unfair.
In his campaign for president in 1868, Horatio Seymour stoked fears that
the rights of white Americans were under fire.
In Takao Ozawa v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that Japanese immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because
they were not white.
Voter turnout in the late nineteenth century averaged
79 percent
What percentage of American soldiers had to take an intelligence test?
25 percent
The Red River War of 1874 1875 took place
on the southern plains.
Compare the U.S. treatment of Chinese immigrants to Japanese immigrants before 1924.
Chinese were banned from immigrating to the United States, whereas Japanese were banned from citizenship.
Which of the following best characterizes the supporters of the free coinage of silver?
Free silver supporters were convinced that it would help the common man.
Which of the following entrepreneurs is NOT properly linked to his industry?
Gustavus Swift: railroads
Which of the following statements about the cultural characteristics of the Plains tribes is FALSE?
Most tribes consisted of bands of one to two thousand.
What role did the British and American navies play in halting German submarine warfare?
They helped escort convoys of Allied merchant ships through the waters.
The development of chain stores and mail order
provided convenience and standardization.
John Swinton could best be characterized as
a newspaper editor who wrote pro-labor editorials.
What is seen as the last straw that brought the United States into World War I?
unrestricted submarine warfare
How did the Progressive goal of eliminating the ward system clash with the goals of members of the working class?
Workers counted on the ward for jobs and assistance.
The Grange was originally founded to
alleviate the problems farmers faced.
How did the Progressive Movement relate to women’s suffrage?
Many Progressives were women who wanted the political power of the vote to achieve their goals.
How did China react to the Open Door Policy?
Rulers and rebels felt humiliated by the foreign domination of their markets.
In the late nineteenth century, robber barons were
greedy business owners.
How did W. E. B. Du Bois differ from Booker T. Washington on the immediate goals that African Americans should try to meet?
Du Bois thought social and political change had to come at the same time as economic improvement.
The slaughter of huge numbers of these animals undermined the independence of the Plains tribes and forced them to stay on reservation lands.
buffalos
Colonel John M. Chivington, a Methodist minister, led an attack on Native Americans that became known as
the Sand Creek Massacre.
What was NOT a major problem with the Treaty of Versailles?
The treaty allowed all World War I participants into the League of Nations.
How did some Americans treat their German-American neighbors?
German Americans were hanged, tarred, feathered, and beaten.
What was one of the consequences of the Compromise of 1877?
African Americans were abandoned in the South as Reconstruction came to an end.
Educational reformers argued that public schools should
assimilate immigrant children.
President Johnson’s Reconstruction policies reflected all of the following EXCEPT
Cuba was a Spanish colony, which angered the West but was supported in the East.
After becoming president, Andrew Johnson initially suggested that he planned
to deal harshly with the South.
What is NOT a reason why the League of Nations met resistance by Congress?
Henry Cabot Lodge wanted to form a strong alliance with Western Europe.
What did Woodrow Wilson fear would happen to big business during the war?
Big business would become increasingly powerful.
