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Question 1

1. According to Progressives, which of the following played a central role in creating social problems?

a. ethnic background
b. government
c. religion
d. living and working environments

Answer 1

living and working environments

Question 2

2. All of the following were benefits of living in an ethnic enclave EXCEPT

a. familiarity, fellowship, and comfort.
b. protection from hostility and discrimination.
c. exposure to American customs and traditions.
d. greater opportunities to achieve success.

Answer 2

exposure to American customs and traditions.

Question 3

3. According to the Progressive vision, how would improving individual neighborhoods help to improve the larger society?

a. Better environments would produce better citizens.
b. New cafes and bars would provide much needed meeting places.
c. As a neighborhood’s appearance improved, home values would improve.
d. Cleaner environments would make cities more beautiful.

Answer 3

Better environments would produce better citizens.

Question 4

4. Why did some women disapprove of the Muller v. Oregon ruling?

a. They believed that health services should be included with employee benefits.
b. They felt the ruling did not go far enough and wanted women to have to work fewer hours.
c. They believed that women were getting an unfair advantage against men in the workplace.
d. It was based on the idea that women needed special rules due to their biology, which might give employers reason not to hire them.

Answer 4

It was based on the idea that women needed special rules due to their biology, which might give employers reason not to hire them.

Question 5

5. Based on the Versailles Treaty, how was Germany portrayed to the rest of the world?

a. as being a contributing party to the fall of Russia
b. as a nation of savages that would never be accepted by other nations
c. as a peacemaker between Russia and the United States
d. as solely responsible for starting World War I

Answer 5

as solely responsible for starting World War I

Question 6

6. Which of the following is the best definition of a holding company?

a. a huge corporation that operated other companies after purchasing them outright
b. a huge corporation that controlled other companies by purchasing their stock
c. a huge corporation that provided storage for surplus goods from many different markets
d. a huge corporation that dominated an industry by overseeing different production phases

Answer 6

a huge corporation that controlled other companies by purchasing their stock

Question 7

7. New Western historians challenge traditional interpretations of the past by emphasizing all of the following EXCEPT

a. the settlers’ triumph over obstacles.
b. the environmental impact of westward economic development.
c. the Native Americans’ right to the land.
d. the role of African Americans in developing the West.

Answer 7

the settlers’ triumph over obstacles.

Question 8

8. Who was Alvin C. York?

a. York was the general of all United States Armed Forces.
b. York was the official who implemented the draft.
c. York was a German-American terrorist.
d. York was a pacifist who eventually agreed to fight.

Answer 8

York was a pacifist who eventually agreed to fight.

Question 9

9. How did the United States fail to abide by Teller Amendment of 1898?

a. The United States did not leave the government and control of Cuba to its people.
b. The United States did not establish a privileged trade relationship with Cuba.
c. The United States did not defend Cuba against all foreign threats.
d. The United States did not give Cubans the same rights as American citizens.

Answer 9

The United States did not leave the government and control of Cuba to its people.

Question 10

10. Why did many wealthy, native-born Americans oppose political machines?

a. They were concerned that political machines would not support businesses.
b. They opposed the concept of all political organizations in urban areas.
c. They feared that political machines would not back community charities.
d. They were threatened by the growing power of immigrants.

Answer 10

They were threatened by the growing power of immigrants.

Question 11

11. The group that envisioned “one big union” that welcomed members regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, or skill was the

a. International Longshoreman’s Union.
b. United Mine Workers (UMW).
c. American Federation of Labor (AFL).
d. Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).

Answer 11

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).

Question 12

12. What role did Russia play in the Schlieffen Plan?

a. Russia was slow to move across the border, giving Germany time to attack.
b. Russia marched with the Germans to carry out the plan and overtake Paris.
c. The Russian army counterattacked the Germans and protected the Belgian border.
d. Russia’s aggressive march forced the Germans to put a modified plan in place.

Answer 12

Russia’s aggressive march forced the Germans to put a modified plan in place.

Question 13

13. Ellis Island was established as

a. an immigration depot.
b. a shipping depot.
c. a community for migrant workers.
d. a cargo inspection point.

Answer 13

an immigration depot.

Question 14

14. Middle-class women enjoyed greater leisure time during the late nineteenth century for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

a. the decrease in birth rates, which resulted in fewer children.
b. the use of servants to perform household duties.
c. the changing fashions, which allowed women to wear pants.
d. the ease and convenience of new machines, such as bicycles.

Answer 14

the changing fashions, which allowed women to wear pants.

Question 15

15. How were African American soldiers treated following the war?

a. Many African American soldiers were persecuted post-war by white supremacists fearing a black uprising for democracy.
b. The United States recognized the efforts of African American soldiers and adopted a more European attitude toward them.
c. The United States saw white and black soldiers working side-by-side and decided to desegregate their army.
d. The French’s method of dealing with black soldiers served as a basis for the United States policy.

Answer 15

Many African American soldiers were persecuted post-war by white supremacists fearing a black uprising for democracy.

Question 16

16. The City Beautiful movement was intended to provide all of the following EXCEPT

a. inclusion of large parks and pulic spaces.
b. protection and programs for the poor.
c. planning and redesign of urban areas.
d. assistance with overcrowded neighborhoods.

Answer 16

protection and programs for the poor.

Question 17

17. In 1886, costly delays in the railroad industry were eliminated by the establishment of

a. an adding machine.
b. a lasting machine.
c. a mimeograph.
d. a standard gauge.

Answer 17

a standard gauge.

Question 18

18. Which of the following was LEAST important to late nineteenth-century imperialism?

a. political structures
b. business ventures
c. local settlements
d. military authority

Answer 18

local settlements

Question 19

19. What effect did Christian missionaries have on the Native American tribes in California?

a. Missionaries disrupted their way of life and transformed them into an exploited class of laborers.
b. Missionaries created conflict between tribes that competed for the advantages brought by the settlers.
c. Missionaries enriched their way of life by teaching them self-sustaining agricultural practices.
d. Missionaries reduced conflict between tribes by providing stability, housing, and employment.

Answer 19

Missionaries disrupted their way of life and transformed them into an exploited class of laborers.

Question 20

20. Which of the following created a “banker’s bank”?

a. the Federal Reserve Act
b. John D. Rockefeller
c. the Northern Securities Trust
d. J. P. Morgan

Answer 20

the Federal Reserve Act

Question 21

21. Which of the following best characterizes the early American Federation of Labor?

a. an alliance of unskilled workers that tried to improve wages and conditions
b. an alliance of skilled and unskilled workers that tried to improve wages and conditions
c. an alliance of farm laborers that tried to improve wages and working conditions
d. an alliance of skilled workers that tried to improve wages and conditions

Answer 21

an alliance of skilled workers that tried to improve wages and conditions

Question 22

22. What was the Gentleman’s Agreement (1907–1908)?

a. an agreement to deny passports to Japanese workers intending to immigrate
b. a Chinese agreement to put down the Boxers in China
c. an agreement between the world powers to divide up China equally
d. an agreement to keep trade open in China to all foreign nations

Answer 22

an agreement to deny passports to Japanese workers intending to immigrate

Question 23

23. Which goal did Progressives support for the working class?

a. broadening leisure activities
b. improving living conditions
c. maintaining strong unions
d. sharing in the wealth of the middle and upper class

Answer 23

improving living conditions

Question 24

24. How was Wilson’s health affected while promoting the League of Nations?

a. Wilson suffered a stroke while promoting the League to the public.
b. Wilson suffered a heart attack while promoting the League of Nations.
c. Wilson experienced a series of epileptic seizures during his promotional tour.
d. Wilson’s tour took him to an area infected with Spanish Influenza.

Answer 24

Wilson suffered a stroke while promoting the League to the public.

Question 25

25. Which of the following was an obstacle to working-class labor activism?

a. ethnic and racial divisions
b. religious strictures
c. progressive disapproval
d. family obligation

Answer 25

ethnic and racial divisions

Question 26

26. The terror tactics of white supremacist organizations served all of the following purposes EXCEPT

a. reassuring poor white Southerners about their status.
b. preventing a political alliance between poor whites and poor blacks.
c. maintaining a workforce of former slaves that were ripe for exploitation.
d. coercing African American voters to support the Republican Party.

Answer 26

coercing African American voters to support the Republican Party.

Question 27

27. Which of the following men was NOT an innovator in the world of retail in the 1800s?

a. Richard W. Sears
b. George Eastman
c. Alvah C. Roebuck
d. Alexander Turney Stewart

Answer 27

George Eastman

Question 28

28. The railroad industry of the late 1800s was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

a. it was a relatively cheap method for conveying goods.
b. it provided the fastest means of transportation.
c. it crossed the continental United States.
d. it was the second big business after steel.

Answer 28

it was the second big business after steel.

Question 29

30. How did American soldiers contribute to the Spanish Influenza epidemic?

a. Soldiers writing home did not warn loved ones about the coming epidemic.
b. Soldiers brought the disease back home from the German trenches.
c. Prisoners captured by American soldiers were infected while being held prisoner.
d. Infected American soldiers carried the virus to France where it continued to spread.

Answer 29

Infected American soldiers carried the virus to France where it continued to spread.

Question 30

31. Texas longhorns were introduced to the Americas by which nation?

a. Portugal
b. France
c. Spain
d. the Netherlands

Answer 30

Spain

Question 31

32. What was the yellow press?

a. The yellow press was the colonization of foreign nations and land, relying on business, political, and military structures rather than settlers.
b. The yellow press was journalists and newspapers that reported sensationalist stories with a strong emotional component.
c. The yellow press was a non-binding agreement that kept U.S. stock exchanges open to all foreign nations.
d. The yellow press was the spread of a tropical fever across the Caribbean, which impacted the Spanish-American War.

Answer 31

The yellow press was journalists and newspapers that reported sensationalist stories with a strong emotional component.

Question 32

33. Which statement offers the best explanation for the lack of minimum wage laws until the 1930s?

a. Because of the terrible economy starting in 1929, employees were more interested in having a steady job than in having high pay.
b. Progressives believed that industrialists could be convinced to raise salaries without government intervention or union action.
c. Unions fought against minimum wage laws, believing that they were better off trying to negotiate their own terms with industry.
d. Lawmakers interpreted Lochner v. New York as forbidding state intervention in employee–employer negotiations.

Answer 32

Lawmakers interpreted Lochner v. New York as forbidding state intervention in employee–employer negotiations.

Question 33

34. What did the Sea Islands of South Carolina and Davis Bend in Mississippi have in common?

a. Both locations were test cases for emancipation during and in the aftermath of the Civil War.
b. Both locations were those of major battles during the Civil War.
c. Both locations suffered heavy damages and loss of life during the Civil War.
d. Both locations were among the last to emancipate slaves in the wake of the Civil War.

Answer 33

Both locations were test cases for emancipation during and in the aftermath of the Civil War.

Question 34

29. For workers, what problems might occur with welfare capitalism?

a. Benefits could be revoked at the whim of the employer.
b. Benefits came with conditions.
c. Benefits were available only for management favorites.
d. Benefits would disappear in a downturn.

Answer 34

Benefits came with conditions.

Question 35

35. Montgomery Ward’s broadsheet eventually became

a. a mail order catalog.
b. a political cartoon.
c. a newspaper advertisement.
d. a labor union poster.

Answer 35

a mail order catalog.

Question 36

36. Why might Cubans have resented the Platt Amendment?

a. The amendment required that Cuba would keep an “Open Door Policy” with the United States and the nations of Europe.
b. The amendment required that Cuba would act without American help in its war against Spain.
c. The amendment required that Cuba would be annexed and become a territory of the United States.
d. The amendment required Cuba to give the U.S. the right to a naval base at Guantánamo Bay.

Answer 36

The amendment required Cuba to give the U.S. the right to a naval base at Guantánamo Bay.

Question 37

37. The romanticized image of a virtuous South defeated by a ruthless North came to be known as

a. the Lost Cause.
b. the White Rule.
c. the Redeemer Rule.
d. the Last Stand.

Answer 37

the Lost Cause.

Question 38

38. Why were some activists angered by the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment?

a. The Fifteenth Amendment granted voting rights only to white women, but not to African American women.
b. The Fifteenth Amendment did not address suffrage for African Americans or women as they had hoped.
c. The Fifteenth Amendment allowed African Americans to vote in the North, but not in the South.
d. The Fifteenth Amendment granted voting rights to African American men, but not to any American women.

Answer 38

The Fifteenth Amendment granted voting rights to African American men, but not to any American women.

Question 39

39. What events led to the government’s takeover of the railway system?

a. There was unrest among laborers and the threat of a railway strike.
b. The decrepit conditions of the rail lines threatened the transportation of army materials.
c. The government felt railways were mistreating employees.
d. The risk of railway bankruptcy forced a government takeover.

Answer 39

There was unrest among laborers and the threat of a railway strike.

Question 40

40. Who was the sixty-four-year-old, Bible-toting, axe-wielding, saloon-smashing member of the temperance movement?

a. Mother Mary Jones
b. Jane Addams
c. Carry A. Nation
d. Ida Tarbell

Answer 40

Carry A. Nation

Question 41

41. Which of the following is an apt comparison of changing trends during the Gilded Age?

a. The glamour of celebrity culture was matched by the glitz of settlement houses.
b. The upward reach of city skylines was matched by the outward sprawl of suburbs.
c. The wealth of economic opportunities for women was matched by the wealth of industrialists.
d. The homogeniety of leisure activities was matched by the homongeniety of new immigrants.

Answer 41

The upward reach of city skylines was matched by the outward sprawl of suburbs.

Question 42

42. How did the war affect regional and class tensions among the African American community?

a. Riots broke out among southern and northern blacks in many cities.
b. Northern blacks lost status within their communities when southern blacks arrived.
c. Southern blacks faced discrimination from some northern blacks.
d. Northern blacks welcomed southern blacks to their communities.

Answer 42

Southern blacks faced discrimination from some northern blacks.

Question 43

43. All of the following contributed to soil erosion EXCEPT

a. the deforestation by the timber industry.
b. the overgrazing of vast herds of livestock.
c. the introduction of foreign plants such as cheatgrass from Asia.
d. the use of deep-cutting steel plows.

Answer 43

the introduction of foreign plants such as cheatgrass from Asia.

Question 44

44. A When Theodore Roosevelt said, “No single great material work which remains to be undertaken on this continent is of such consequence to the American people,” to what was he referring?

a. the Colorado River dams
b. the Great White Fleet
c. the Transcontinental Railroad
d. the Panama Canal

Answer 44

the Panama Canal

Question 45

45. Why did the government sponsor exhibits demonstrating primitive cultural practices from the Philippines at the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis?

a. to show that even exotic-seeming educational efforts had merit
b. to show that the Filipinos needed the civilizing influence of the United States
c. to show that missionaries in the Philippines needed charitable donations
d. to show that Filipinos were content and would not require much investment

Answer 45

to show that the Filipinos needed the civilizing influence of the United States

Question 46

46. As the twentieth century approached, the rise of the consumer culture impacted Americans in all of the following ways EXCEPT

a. most Americans lived in urban areas with easy access to department stores.
b. most Americans were exposed to the same advertisements and marketing appeals.
c. most Americans wore similar fashions and adopted the same fads.
d. most Americans developed the same habits, such as cigarette smoking.

Answer 46

most Americans lived in urban areas with easy access to department stores.

Question 47

47. As the Reconstruction era came to an end,

a. segregation was established throughout the North and the South.
b. the Democratic Party abandoned its African American supporters.
c. the Republican Party redoubled its efforts to guarantee racial equality.
d. the South experienced a massive economic transformation.

Answer 47

the South experienced a massive economic transformation.

Question 48

48. Hull House provided all of the following EXCEPT

a. job placement for the unemployed.
b. practical courses in hygiene, sewing, and cooking.
c. classes on the English language for immigrants.
d. space and support for fledgling labor unions.

Answer 48

job placement for the unemployed.

Question 49

49. Who was the People’s Party presidential candidate in 1896?

a. James B. Weaver
b. Grover Cleveland
c. William Jennings Bryan
d. William McKinley

Answer 49

William Jennings Bryan

Question 50

50. What was the primary reason why the Knights of Labor failed?

a. The union was unable to provide effective leadership on a national level.
b. The union was unable to organize a successful strike.
c. The union was unable to unite laborers from different races.
d. The union was unable to develop a set of concrete objectives.

Answer 50

The union was unable to provide effective leadership on a national level.

Question 51

51. In what way did business change at around the turn of the twentieth century?

a. Huge conglomerates replaced smaller businesses.
b. Factory work became much more dangerous.
c. Children began working in factories for the first time.
d. Pay for employees was reduced.

Answer 51

Huge conglomerates replaced smaller businesses.

Question 52

52. What made so-called “amigo warfare” in the Philippines different from traditional warfare?

a. After each battle, enemy fighters would meet with American soldiers to try to negotiate a peace settlement.
b. Filipinos and Americans held a strong, mutual regard and leaders exchanged tokens of respect.
c. Filipino fighters called on all members of their social and familial circles to support their efforts, including battling Americans when necessary.
d. During the day, enemy fighters would pretend to be friendly toward Americans and looked like any other peasants.

Answer 52

During the day, enemy fighters would pretend to be friendly toward Americans and looked like any other peasants.

Question 53

53. Which of the following did NOT encourage American overseas expansion?

a. the desire for new markets to sell U.S. goods
b. the desire for raw materials to fuel the industrial economy
c. the desire to spread American values
d. the desire to reject the European colonial model

Answer 53

the desire to reject the European colonial model

Question 54

54. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Spanish-American War?

a. the rise of yellow journalism
b. the rebel attacks on Americanplantations
c. the sinking of the Maine
d. the economic ties between the United States and Cuba

Answer 54

the rebel attacks on Americanplantations

Question 55

55. How did William Taft respond to the conservationist versus preservationist arguments of the Progressive Era?

a. He fired Roosevelt’s U.S. Forestry Director and signaled his disapproval for strong governmental regulation of land use.
b. He sought to continue Roosevelt’s conservationist agenda, and in some cases went further than Roosevelt would have to preserve land.
c. He embraced John Muir, who believed strongly in preserving nature.
d. He allowed development in land set aside for the national park areas.

Answer 55

He fired Roosevelt’s U.S. Forestry Director and signaled his disapproval for strong governmental regulation of land use.

Question 56

56. Horatio Greenough’s sculpture, The Rescue (page 446), was removed from the entrance of the U.S. Capitol in 1958 because

a. it created controversy due to the near-nudity of the Native American.
b. it misrepresented the role of whites in settling the West.
c. it glorified violence, which repulsed post-World War Americans.
d. it became a symbol justifying white domination of Native Americans.

Answer 56

it became a symbol justifying white domination of Native Americans.

Question 57

57. The Wade-Davis Bill was evidence of many Congressional Republicans’ desire to

a. destroy the South’s slave society.
b. return to the status quo of pre-Civil War society.
c. replace Lincoln as the leader of the Republican Party.
d. support Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan.

Answer 57

destroy the South’s slave society.

Question 58

58. How did German Kaiser Wilhelm II impact the relationship between Austria-Hungary and Serbia?

a. His advisement led to an attack on Serbia by Austria-Hungary.
b. His direction led to an agreement between Austria-Hungary and Serbia.
c. His direction helped end the battle between the two.
d. His demands led to a blockade between Austria-Hungary and Serbia.

Answer 58

His advisement led to an attack on Serbia by Austria-Hungary.

Question 59

59. What is one way that the Siegel Cooper stores and the Woolworth stores differed?

a. The Siegel Cooper stores offered a wide variety of goods, while the Woolworth stores offered only a few select items.
b. The Siegel Cooper stores were simple and no-frills, while the Woolworth stores provided a lavish and opulent decor.
c. The Siegel Cooper stores offered only a few select items, while the Woolworth stores offered a wide variety of goods.
d. The Siegel Cooper stores provided a lavish and opulent decor, while the Woolworth stores were simple and no-frills.

Answer 59

The Siegel Cooper stores provided a lavish and opulent decor, while the Woolworth stores were simple and no-frills.

Question 60

60. Why did Theodore Roosevelt send the nation’s battleships and destroyers on a tour around the world?

a. to test new technologies
b. to demonstrate U.S. naval power
c. to open up new trade routes
d. to start a war with Spain

Answer 60

to demonstrate U.S. naval power

Question 61

61. Why did Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan describe Nicaragua and other Latin American countries as “our political children, so to speak”?

a. Bryan was arguing that they needed the protection of a stronger, more advanced country.
b. Bryan was arguing that since they had adopted constitutions modeled after the United States’s, America had a responsibility to see that they succeeded.
c. Bryan was arguing that, since American citizens had settled in each of these countries, America was responsible to protect them.
d. Bryan was arguing that before long, all of these countries would become states in the union.

Answer 61

Bryan was arguing that they needed the protection of a stronger, more advanced country.

Question 62

62. Which of the following accounted for the rise of political machines in American cities?

a. the influence of industrialists
b. the support of working-class voters
c. the campaign contributions of corporations
d. the support of African American voters

Answer 62

the support of working-class voters

Question 63

63. The section of a city devoted exclusively to commercial enterprises is called

a. a company town.
b. a residential community.
c. a tenement area.
d. a central business district.

Answer 63

a central business district.

Question 64

64. The emergence of holding companies undermined the intent behind

a. the Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad ruling.
b. the Fourteenth Amendment.
c. the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
d. the “pools” business model.

Answer 64

the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

Question 65

65. Why did President Theodore Roosevelt want to negotiate an end to the Russo-Japanese War?

a. Roosevelt wanted to avoid a possible future conflict between with Japan.
b. Roosevelt wanted to gain recognition as an expert at diplomacy.
c. Roosevelt wanted to strengthen bonds with Russia, an important ally.
d. Roosevelt wanted the United States to gain commercial advantages in Russia.

Answer 65

Roosevelt wanted to avoid a possible future conflict between with Japan.

Question 66

66. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of popular entertainment in the Gilded Age?

a. In ethnic neighborhoods, musical comedies were popular, while in more mainstream areas, Old World theatrical productions were popular.
b. In African American communities, Old World theatrical productions were popular, while in white communities, musical comedies were popular.
c. In African American communities, musical comedies were popular, while in white communities, Old World theatrical productions were popular.
d. In ethnic neighborhoods, Old World theatrical productions were popular, while in more mainstream areas, musical comedies were popular.

Answer 66

In ethnic neighborhoods, Old World theatrical productions were popular, while in more mainstream areas, musical comedies were popular.

Question 67

67. All of the following were true of department stores in the 1800s EXCEPT

a. they allowed customers to negotiate for a fairer price.
b. they were giant stores that offered a huge selection of goods.
c. they were built in a palatial style that was richly decorated.
d. they offered customers money back guarantees.

Answer 67

they allowed customers to negotiate for a fairer price.

Question 68

68. Andrew Carnegie believed in all of the following as paths to success EXCEPT

a. coming from a wealthy background.
b. being self-determined.
c. abstaining from alcohol.
d. possessing a great degree of self-discipline.

Answer 68

coming from a wealthy background.

Question 69

69. Why was the opening of the Panama Canal not front-page news in 1914?

a. The Titanic had just sunk in the Atlantic.
b. The Spanish-American War had just begun in the Caribbean.
c. World War I was just beginning in Europe.
d. The presidential election between Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson was underway.

Answer 69

World War I was just beginning in Europe.

Question 70

70. The contrast between life on Fifth Avenue and life in Five Points exemplifies

a. the optimism that people in all classes felt in the nineteenth century.
b. the disparity between the wealthy and the poor in the nineteenth century.
c. the efforts of philanthropists and activists in the nineteenth century.
d. the ability of the working class to attain wealth in the nineteenth century.

Answer 70

the disparity between the wealthy and the poor in the nineteenth century.

Question 71

71. The term “Reconstruction” signified all of the following EXCEPT

a. rebuilding damaged areas in the South.
b. recreating a post-slavery South.
c. reuniting a war-ravaged Union.
d. reconstructing Northern infrastructure.

Answer 71

reconstructing Northern infrastructure.

Question 72

72. The belief that the principles of evolution also applied to society was known as

a. social Darwinism.
b. capitalism.
c. socialism.
d. survivalism.

Answer 72

social Darwinism.

Question 73

73. Factory owners benefitted from new technology in all of the following ways EXCEPT

a. production and output increased.
b. wages for many workers decreased.
c. laborers could easily be replaced.
d. skilled workers were no longer needed.

Answer 73

skilled workers were no longer needed.

Question 74

74. According to the textbook, how did court decisions usually affect labor during the Progressive Era?

a. Rulings were often helpful to laborers who were striving to improve working conditions.
b. About half of the rulings favored business and the other half favored labor.
c. Rulings usually helped business leaders, not laborers.
d. Rulings were appealed again and again, so the effects for labor changed from year to year.

Answer 74

About half of the rulings favored business and the other half favored labor.

Question 75

75. The primary reason why railroad companies sent agents to Europe to promote immigration to the American West was because

a. the railroads needed cheap labor.
b. the railroads needed skilled craftsmen.
c. the railroads needed to boost rail travel to recoup costs.
d. the railroads had huge quantities of land for sale.

Answer 75

the railroads needed cheap labor.

Question 76

76. What was one consequence of the 1892 election?

a. The election brought mixed results for the People’s Party.
b. The election restored the presidency to the Republicans.
c. The election led to the disbanding of the People’s Party.
d. The election provided the populists with a regional platform.

Answer 76

The election brought mixed results for the People’s Party.

Question 77

77. What was the primary cause of the Panic of 1873?

a. the rise in risks assumed by Wall Street investors
b. the decrease in railroad and telegraph systems
c. the loss of agricultural workers on Southern plantations
d. the loss of hundreds of thousands of manufacturing jobs

Answer 77

the rise in risks assumed by Wall Street investors

Question 78

78. What slogan did Woodrow Wilson use to help get reelected in 1916?

a. “The Return to Normalcy”
b. “For Law and Liberty”
c. “Patriotism, Protection, Prosperity”
d. “He Kept Us Out of War”

Answer 78

“He Kept Us Out of War”

Question 79

79. What is one way the Committee on Public Information helped the war effort?

a. The organization produced the movie To Hell With the Kaiser.
b. The organization allowed the public full access to all war-era information.
c. The organization boosted morale among union workers.
d. The organization created propaganda to boost morale.

Answer 79

The organization created propaganda to boost morale.

Question 80

80. In 1894, a protest march from Ohio to Washington, D.C. was held by

a. the Populists.
b. Coxey’s Army.
c. the People’s Party.
d. the National Alliance.

Answer 80

Coxey’s Army.

Question 81

81. Members of the farmers’ alliances spoke out against all of the following EXCEPT

a. commodity brokers buying goods at low prices and selling them for higher prices.
b. high wages demanded by the migrant laborers who traveled from farm to farm.
c. exorbitant interest rates charged by bankers for farm mortgages.
d. high rates charged by railroad companies to transport farm produce to market.

Answer 81

high wages demanded by the migrant laborers who traveled from farm to farm.

Question 82

82. By 1900, how many Americans lived in urban areas?

a. three out of five
b. one out of five
c. two out of five
d. four out of five

Answer 82

two out of five

Question 83

83. Why was land ownership so important to newly freed African Americans?

a. Owning land granted newly freed African Americans with a sense of prosperity.
b. Owning land granted newly freed African Americans with a sense of relaxation.
c. Owning land granted newly freed African Americans with a sense of vengeance.
d. Owning land granted newly freed African Americans with a sense of independence.

Answer 83

Owning land granted newly freed African Americans with a sense of independence.

Question 84

84. Which of the following was not a fictional character in popular literature of the nineteenth century?

a. Calamity Jane
b. Buffalo Bill
c. Deadwood Dick
d. Tom Sawyer

Answer 84

Buffalo Bill

Question 85

85. What act set aside vast tracts of the Oklahoma Territory for Native Americans?

a. the Indian Management Act
b. the Indian Appropriations Act
c. the Indian Territory Act
d. the Indian Removal Act

Answer 85

the Indian Appropriations Act

Question 86

86. The ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment was intended to ensure

a. the right to vote for all women.
b. the end of slavery.
c. the right to vote for all men.
d. equal protection under the law.

Answer 86

the right to vote for all men.

Question 87

87. Frederick Jackson Turner drafted an essay that came to be known as

a. the Wilderness Thesis.
b. the Western Migration Thesis.
c. the Frontier Thesis.
d. the Western Expansion Thesis.

Answer 87

the Frontier Thesis.

Question 88

88. President Johnson was impeached by the House of Representatives in the wake of

a. campaigning against the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment.
b. dividing the South into five military districts.
c. refusing to sign the Tenure of Office Act.
d. firing the Secretary of War without consulting Congress.

Answer 88

firing the Secretary of War without consulting Congress.

Question 89

89. President Cleveland broke the Pullman strike on the grounds that it

a. had obstructed the delivery of mail.
b. had raised the possibility of open class warfare.
c. had interferred with the collection of taxes.
d. had hindered the ability of farmers to sell their crops.

Answer 89

had obstructed the delivery of mail.

Question 90

90. The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) crusaded for

a. an end to child labor.
b. an end to prostitution.
c. prohibition.
d. an end to non-Christian immigration.

Answer 90

prohibition.

Question 91

91. The passage of the Pendleton Act in 1883

a. authorized land grants to colleges and universities.
b. placed ten percent of federal jobs under civil service.
c. outlawed railroad rebates and pooling agreements.
d. granted subsidies to the transcontinental railroads.

Answer 91

placed ten percent of federal jobs under civil service.

Question 92

92. The most elite Native American tribes

a. lived in established villages.
b. engaged in trade with ranchers and settlers.
c. owned horses.
d. were skilled craftsworkers.

Answer 92

owned horses.

Question 93

93. Hunting and human activity on the Great Plains led to the eradication or near eradication of all of the following animals EXCEPT

a. horses.
b. buffalos.
c. elks.
d. bears.

Answer 93

horses.

Question 94

94. Which person would be most likely to support the new name of the site of the Battle of Little Bighorn?

a. Frederic Remington
b. William Cody
c. Frederick Jackson Turner
d. Patricia Nelson Limerick

Answer 94

Patricia Nelson Limerick

Question 95

95. Which bloody clash between Sioux Ghost Dancers and the U.S. Army came to symbolize the brutality associated with conquering the West?

a. the Wounded Knee Massacre
b. the Sand Creek Massacre
c. the Black Hills Massacre
d. the Fort Laramie Massacre

Answer 95

the Wounded Knee Massacre

Question 96

96. A Progressive Era term for investigative journalists who wrote exposés on government and business corruption was

a. “sensationalist.”
b. “pot-stirrer.”
c. “muckraker.”
d. “yellow journalist.”

Answer 96

“muckraker.”

Question 97

97. Which of the following was NOT a measure Progressives took to reduce corruption in state politics?

a. They sanctioned boycotts of businesses that bribed city officials.
b. They banned the use of different colored ballots.
c. They instituted recalls to remove corrupt officials from office.
d. They used referenda to get legislative proposals on the ballot.

Answer 97

They sanctioned boycotts of businesses that bribed city officials.

Question 98

98. The Workingmen’s Benevolent Association was formed by

a. steel workers.
b. coal miners.
c. carpenters.
d. railroad workers.

Answer 98

coal miners.

Question 99

99. Annie Oakley helped to shape the role of women in the West by

a. breaking barriers for women in entertainment.
b. encouraging women to travel abroad.
c. presenting an ideal image of frontier women.
d. promoting careers for women.

Answer 99

presenting an ideal image of frontier women.

Question 100

100. Which ethnic group began to move North during the 1910s?

a. Irish from the Midwest
b. Germans from Texas
c. Black southerners
d. Mexican migrant workers

Answer 100

Black southerners

Question 101

101. Who was Emilio Aguinaldo?

a. an African American defector who led raids against the U.S. army
b. the most decorated soldier to return from the Philippine-American War
c. the rebel Filipino leader
d. the leader of the U.S. forces in the Philippines

Answer 101

the rebel Filipino leader

Question 102

102. How did Theodore Roosevelt react to the rising power of corporations?

a. He embraced corporations as creators of jobs, and gave them many tax advantages.
b. He accepted corporations as a fact of life, but broke up trusts he thought were unfair.
c. He relied on corporations for political fundraising, and helped them in return.
d. He fought the power of corporate monopolies, and successfully broke apart many.

Answer 102

He accepted corporations as a fact of life, but broke up trusts he thought were unfair.

Question 103

103. In his campaign for president in 1868, Horatio Seymour stoked fears that

a. African Americans would never be truly free.
b. the rights of white Americans were under fire.
c. the Democratic Party would regain control of the South.
d. the South was threatening to secede again.

Answer 103

the rights of white Americans were under fire.

Question 104

104. In Takao Ozawa v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that Japanese immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because

a. they were not white.
b. they were not committed to democracy.
c. their customs were too different.
d. they were usually poor.

Answer 104

they were not white.

Question 105

105. Voter turnout in the late nineteenth century averaged

a. 39 percent
b. 19 percent
c. 59 percent
d. 79 percent

Answer 105

79 percent

Question 106

106. What percentage of American soldiers had to take an intelligence test?

a. 50 percent
b. 40 percent
c. 5 percent
d. 25 percent

Answer 106

25 percent

Question 107

107. The Red River War of 1874 1875 took place

a. on the northern plains.
b. on the southern plains.
c. in the Rocky Mountains.
d. in the Montana and Dakota Territories.

Answer 107

on the southern plains.

Question 108

108. Compare the U.S. treatment of Chinese immigrants to Japanese immigrants before 1924.

a. Chinese were not allowed to own property, whereas Japanese could buy land and housing.
b. Chinese immigrants were banned from citizenship, whereas Japanese were given full rights.
c. Chinese were banned from immigrating to the United States, whereas Japanese were banned from citizenship.
d. Chinese were accepted as agricultural workers in California, whereas Japanese were treated with suspicion.

Answer 108

Chinese were banned from immigrating to the United States, whereas Japanese were banned from citizenship.

Question 109

109. Which of the following best characterizes the supporters of the free coinage of silver?

a. Free silver supporters were convinced that it would help the common man.
b. Free silver supporters were mostly found in the Republican Party.
c. Free silver supporters believed that reform would deflate the currency.
d. Free silver supporters found little support for their views in Congress.

Answer 109

Free silver supporters were convinced that it would help the common man.

Question 110

110. Which of the following entrepreneurs is NOT properly linked to his industry?

a. Cyrus McCormick: farm equipment
b. Gustavus Swift: railroads
c. John D. Rockefeller: oil
d. Andrew Carnegie: steel

Answer 110

Gustavus Swift: railroads

Question 111

111. Which of the following statements about the cultural characteristics of the Plains tribes is FALSE?

a. Most tribes took to using horses.
b. Most tribes hunted buffalo.
c. Most tribes consisted of bands of one to two thousand.
d. Most tribes worshipped one primary god.

Answer 111

Most tribes consisted of bands of one to two thousand.

Question 112

112. What role did the British and American navies play in halting German submarine warfare?

a. They fired torpedoes to sink German submarines.
b. They helped escort convoys of Allied merchant ships through the waters.
c. British and American forces negotiated a peace treaty with the German Kaiser.
d. They captured several U-boats before the Germans left the waters.

Answer 112

They helped escort convoys of Allied merchant ships through the waters.

Question 113

113. The development of chain stores and mail order

a. provided convenience and standardization.
b. created a gulf between the merchant and the customer.
c. had little effect on the buying public.
d. drove up the prices of manufactured goods.

Answer 113

provided convenience and standardization.

Question 114

114. John Swinton could best be characterized as

a. a newspaper editor who wrote pro-labor editorials.
b. an anti-immigrant activist who opposed Chinese workers.
c. a union organizer who worked in the steel industry.
d. a union organizer who worked in the textile industry.

Answer 114

a newspaper editor who wrote pro-labor editorials.

Question 115

115. What is seen as the last straw that brought the United States into World War I?

a. the border attacks of Pancho Villa
b. the failure of Colonel Edward House to negotiate a peace settlement
c. the discovery of the Zimmerman Telegram
d. unrestricted submarine warfare

Answer 115

unrestricted submarine warfare

Question 116

116. How did the Progressive goal of eliminating the ward system clash with the goals of members of the working class?

a. Workers counted on the ward to help them vote.
b. Workers relied on the ward for social events and cultural opportunities.
c. Workers counted on the ward for jobs and assistance.
d. Workers relied on the ward for to provide public utilities.

Answer 116

Workers counted on the ward for jobs and assistance.

Question 117

117. The Grange was originally founded to

a. organize cattle ranchers.
b. alleviate the problems farmers faced.
c. consolidate the political power of miners.
d. promote toleration of Native Americans on the plains.

Answer 117

alleviate the problems farmers faced.

Question 118

118. How did the Progressive Movement relate to women’s suffrage?

a. Many Progressives were women who wanted the political power of the vote to achieve their goals.
b. The two movements arose at close to the same time but had different leaders.
c. The traditional Christian values of the Progressives de-emphasized women’s public role.
d. The Progressives fought against suffrage because the largely male-run movement wanted to maintain the status quo.

Answer 118

Many Progressives were women who wanted the political power of the vote to achieve their goals.

Question 119

119. How did China react to the Open Door Policy?

a. Rulers insisted on enormous foreign investment in return for access to markets.
b. Rulers and rebels felt humiliated by the foreign domination of their markets.
c. Rulers and citizens welcomed the chance to learn about Western culture.
d. Rulers and citizens welcomed the access to foreign goods.

Answer 119

Rulers and rebels felt humiliated by the foreign domination of their markets.

Question 120

120. In the late nineteenth century, robber barons were

a. greedy government officials.
b. greedy stockholders.
c. greedy union members.
d. greedy business owners.

Answer 120

greedy business owners.

Question 121

121. How did W. E. B. Du Bois differ from Booker T. Washington on the immediate goals that African Americans should try to meet?

a. Du Bois thought the opportunity to go to trade school was a necessary first step for African Americans.
b. Du Bois thought social and political change had to come at the same time as economic improvement.
c. Du Bois believed that returning to agriculture would give African Americans the best shot at achieving success.
d. Du Bois thought that economic change had to come first, before African Americans would be accepted as productive members of society.

Answer 121

Du Bois thought social and political change had to come at the same time as economic improvement.

Question 122

122. The slaughter of huge numbers of these animals undermined the independence of the Plains tribes and forced them to stay on reservation lands.

a. buffalos
b. elks
c. pronghorn antelopes
d. white-tail deer

Answer 122

buffalos

Question 123

123. Colonel John M. Chivington, a Methodist minister, led an attack on Native Americans that became known as

a. the Sand Creek Massacre.
b. the Wounded Knee Massacre.
c. the Battle of Little Bighorn.
d. the Black Hills Massacre.

Answer 123

the Sand Creek Massacre.

Question 124

124. What was NOT a major problem with the Treaty of Versailles?

a. The treaty forced Germany to disarm itself.
b. The treaty allowed all World War I participants into the League of Nations.
c. The treaty forced Germany to pay $33 billion in war reparations.
d. The treaty forced settlement of territorial disputes, leading to future tensions.

Answer 124

The treaty allowed all World War I participants into the League of Nations.

Question 125

125. How did some Americans treat their German-American neighbors?

a. German Americans were hanged, tarred, feathered, and beaten.
b. German Americans were forced to pay taxes but were not allowed to buy war bonds.
c. German Americans were rounded up and held in relocation camps.
d. German Americans were welcomed as fellow community members.

Answer 125

German Americans were hanged, tarred, feathered, and beaten.

Question 126

126. What was one of the consequences of the Compromise of 1877?

a. The Democrats were discredited due to their underhanded dealing in the bipartisan commission.
b. African Americans were abandoned in the South as Reconstruction came to an end.
c. Rutherford B. Hayes and the Republican Party lost the fight for the presidency.
d. Competition for the Southern white vote became evenly balanced between the two parties.

Answer 126

African Americans were abandoned in the South as Reconstruction came to an end.

Question 127

127. Educational reformers argued that public schools should

a. segregate immigrant students from Americans.
b. celebrate immigrant cultures.
c. assimilate immigrant children.
d. bar immigrant students from enrollment.

Answer 127

assimilate immigrant children.

Question 128

128. President Johnson’s Reconstruction policies reflected all of the following EXCEPT

a. his belief in the inferiority of African Americans.
b. his admiration for the wealthy planter class.
c. his upbringing in the backcountry of eastern Tennessee.
d. Cuba was a Spanish colony, which angered the West but was supported in the East.

Answer 128

Cuba was a Spanish colony, which angered the West but was supported in the East.

Question 129

129. After becoming president, Andrew Johnson initially suggested that he planned

a. to ignore the needs of the South.
b. to deal harshly with the South.
c. to be very lenient with the South.
d. to prevent the South from rejoining the Union.

Answer 129

to deal harshly with the South.

Question 130

130. What is NOT a reason why the League of Nations met resistance by Congress?

a. The United States feared losing control of its foreign policy.
b. Henry Cabot Lodge wanted to form a strong alliance with Western Europe.
c. The United States feared European meddling in the Western Hemisphere.
d. Republicans took over as the majority party in 1918.

Answer 130

Henry Cabot Lodge wanted to form a strong alliance with Western Europe.

Question 131

131. What did Woodrow Wilson fear would happen to big business during the war?

a. Big business would be reigned in by Congress.
b. More women and children would enter the industrial workforce.
c. The economy would be ruined by the loss of jobs.
d. Big business would become increasingly powerful.

Answer 131

Big business would become increasingly powerful.