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Chemistry > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the definition of Chemistry?

A

The study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.

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1
Q

What is the definition of Matter?

A

Matter is any substance that occupies space

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2
Q

What is Pure Chemistry?

A

Pure Chemistry is the pursuit of chemical knowledge for it’s own sake.

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3
Q

What is Applied Chemistry?

A

Applied Chemistry is research that is directed toward a practical goal or application.

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4
Q

What is the Scientific Method?

A 
The Scientific Method is a logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem.
Steps:
1) Observation
2) Hypotheses
3) Experiment/Test Hypotheses
4) Developing theories
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5
Q

What is Inorganic Chemistry?

A

The study of chemicals that do not contain carbon.

Ex) Studying the metal that something is made of

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6
Q

What is Organic Chemistry?

A

The study of all chemicals containing carbon.

Ex) Researching what substances should be used to make good quality plastic.

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7
Q

What is Biochemistry?

A

The study of processes that take place in living organisms.

Ex) Studying digestion

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8
Q

What is Analytical Chemistry?

A

The study of the composition of matter.

Ex) Measuring the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

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9
Q

What is Physical Chemistry?

A

The study that deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that takes place when matter undergoes a change.
Ex) Photosynthesis and sun energy

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10
Q

What is a Hypothesis?

A

A proposed explanation for an observation.

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11
Q

What is an Observation?

A

When you use your senses to obtain information.

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12
Q

What is an Experiment?

A

A procedure used to test a hypothesis.

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13
Q

What is an Independent Variable?

A

The variable that you change during an experiment; also known as the Manipulated Variable.

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14
Q

What is a Dependent Variable?

A

The variable that is observed during the experiment; also known as the Responding Variable.

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15
Q

What is an Experimental Control? Positive/Negative

A

Experimental Controls are trials done outside of the experiment. They are used to identify known experimental responses so that the results can be better interpreted.

Positive: shows what the expected results should be
Negative: shows what should happen if there are no results or the opposite of what the expected results are

16
Q

What is a Control Variable?

A

Anything that should not change from trial to trial to help guarantee true results.

17
Q

What is a Conclusion?

A

To make a judgement based on one’s observations.

18
Q

What is the difference between an Observation and a Conclusion?

A

A conclusion requires one to make assumptions or hypotheses. Experimentation is necessary to make a conclusion. With observation, you are only gaining information through your senses and do not need experimentation. You make a hypothesis using observation.

19
Q

What is an Alchemist?

A

A person who uses chemicals for medical, spiritual, and magical purposes.

20
Q

What did Alchemists have as their goals?

A

1) Philosophers Stone
2) Elixir of Life
3) The creation of Gold from lesser metals

21
Q

What did Alchemists believe?

A

The spiritual world and physical word are inseparably connected.

Characteristics of known elements could effect a person’s spiritual and physical form.

22
Q

What is a Scientific Law?

A

A concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments. It does not explain the “why” in between.

23
Q

What is a Theory?

A

A well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations. Explains the relationship in between or “why”

24
Q

What are the physical and spiritual properties of Fire?

A

Physical: Hurts, pain, burns, consumes, hungry

Spiritual: Satan

25
Q

What are the physical and spiritual properties of Gold?

A

Physical: Opaque, does not tarnish, beautiful

Spiritual: Eternal Life, Power of God

26
Q

Who was Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II?

A

Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II housed hundreds of Alchemists so he could gain gold and eternal life.

27
Q

Who was Robert Boyle? What were his contributions to chemistry?

A

Robert Boyle was an Irish philosopher, physicist, inventor, and chemist. He was a large contributor to the making of the scientific method.

28
Q

Who was Antoine Lavoisier? What were his contributions to chemistry?

A

Antoine was a French chemist. He invented a scale that measured mass to the 0.0005 gram, which helped change chemistry into the science of measurement that it is today. He also showed that oxygen is required for a material to burn.

29
Q

What is a Substance?

A

Anything that has a uniform or definite composition.

30
Q

What is Mass?

A

The amount of matter an object contains.

Ex) an adult elephant has more mass than a baby elephant

31
Q

What is Volume?

A

The measure of the amount of space taken up by the object.

32
Q

What is the difference between a gas and a vapor?

A

Gas is the term used for any substance in a gaseous phase at room temperature.

Vapor is the term used for the gaseous phase of any substance that is a liquid or a solid at room temperature. Ex) water vapor

33
Q

What is a Chemical Property?

A

A condition or quality that can only be observed or measured by changing the substance’s composition, usually by chemical reaction.

34
Q

What is a Physical Property?

A

A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition.

35
Q

What can Physical Properties be broken down into?

A

Extensive and Intensive

Extensive: a physical property that depends on the amount of matter present in a sample.

Intensive: a physical property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount.

36
Q

What is a Physical Change?

What is a Chemical Change?

A

Physical Change: some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change. Ex) Ripping paper

Chemical Change: a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter. Ex) Burning paper

37
Q

What can Physical Changes be broken into?

A

Reversible and Irreversible

Chemistry (14 decks)

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