Chapter 5 Test

Question 0

Who created the Bohr model and what did his model improve upon?

Answer 0

Niels Bohr

Showed that when an atom emits light it is moving from one energy level to another.

Question 1

What were the limitations of Rutherford’s model?

Answer 1

Only explained a few simple properties of atoms

Could not explain the chemical properties of elements

Question 2

What are energy levels?

Answer 2

Fixed energies an electron can have

Question 3

What is a quantum?

Answer 3

The amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another energy level.

Question 4

Who created the Quantum Mechanical Model?

What are some important aspects of this model?

Answer 4

Erwin Schrödinger

Modern description of electrons in atoms
Mathematical
Describes the energy of electrons (just like Bohr)
DOES NOT SPECIFY AN EXACT PATH THE ELECTRON TAKES AROUND THE NUCLEUS

Question 5

What is an electron cloud?

Answer 5

Represents orbitals

More dense where the probability of finding an electron is high

Question 6

What is a sublevel

Answer 6

Shape of the orbital

Question 7

What is an energy level?

Answer 7

Describes the size of an orbital

Think quantum mechanical model

Question 8

What is a circular orbital called?

Answer 8

S

Question 9

What is a dumbbell orbital called?

Answer 9

P

Question 10

What is a clover shaped orbital called?

Answer 10

D

Question 11

How many types of each orbital are there in a principal energy level greater than one?

Answer 11

1 s orbital (2 electrons)
3 p orbitals (6 electrons)
5 d orbitals (10 electrons)

Question 12

What is the equation for energy of a photon?

Answer 12

E=hv

E=energy of photon
H=constant (Planck’s constant)
V=Frequency

Question 13

What is the QMM able to do that the Bohr model cannot?

Answer 13

Represent more complex atoms. Bohr could only represent simple atoms like hydrogen.

Question 14

What is the Aufbau Principle?

Answer 14

Electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first

Question 15

What is Hund’s rule?

Answer 15

Every orbital in a subshell gets one electron before any orbital gets two electrons; and the SINGLE electrons have parallel spin.

Question 16

What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

Answer 16

To occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have opposite spins.

Question 17

What are the 3 ways to show an Electron Configuration?

Answer 17

Aufbau Diagram

Standard Electron Configuration

Orbital Filling Diagram

Question 18

What makes the gas glow in a glass tube?

Answer 18

An electric current

Question 19

What is Amplitude?

Answer 19

A wave’s height from zero to the crest

Question 20

What is wavelength?

Answer 20

Represented by lambda

The distance between crests

Question 21

What is frequency?

Answer 21

Represented by v (nu)

The number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time.

Question 22

How are frequency and wavelength related?

Answer 22

They are inversely proportional

Question 23

What is electromagnetic radiation?

Answer 23

(Electromagnetic waves) Massless yet has energy. Examples include radio waves, microwaves, gamma rays.

Question 24

What happens when white light passes through a prism?

Answer 24

The different wavelengths separate into a SPECTRUM of colors

Question 25

What does red light have?

Answer 25

Longest wavelength and lowest frequency

Question 26

What is visible light?

Answer 26

Middle of the electromagnetic spectrum which consists of radiation over a broad range of wavelengths

Question 27

What is the Atomic Emission Spectra?

Answer 27

The pattern formed when light passes through a prism or diffraction grating to separate it into the different frequencies of light it contains.

Question 28

What is a spectra line?

Answer 28

Each line on the screen made by light when separated out by a prism. Unique for every element.

Question 29

What are the two ways that energy can travel?

Answer 29

1) by traveling on a particle

2) by traveling as a wave

Question 30

What two known ways do OBJECTS travel?

Answer 30

Classical Mechanics: Larger objects travel according to the laws of motion and projectile motion
INCLUDES ATOMS

Wave Motion: Electromagnetic radiation travels as a wave

Question 31

What is Wave-Particle Duality?

Answer 31

The characteristic of light described as it moving as a wave, having no mass, and being made of chunks of energy that behave as if they were matter

Question 32

What is a photon?

Answer 32

Light is made up of photons, chunks or “quanta” of energy that behave as if they were particles

Question 33

What is Planck’s constant?

Answer 33

6.625 x 10^-34 js

Question 34

Why is the emission spectra unique for each element?

Answer 34

Every element has a unique number of electrons which occupy unique orbitals and energy levels

The electrons and the orbitals/energy levels they occupy are unique, the amount or quanta of energy released will be unique. Affects E=hv

Question 35

Does it take more or less energy for an electron to move between lower energy levels?

Answer 35

More

Question 36

Who first published a table of the elements? How did they arrange the elements?

Answer 36

Dmitri Mendeleev

In order of increasing atomic mass

Question 37

What are the 3 classes of elements

Answer 37

1) metals
2) non-metals
3) metalloids

Question 38

What class are most elements? What percent?

Answer 38

Metals; 80%

Question 39

Describe the characteristics of metals, non-metals, and metalloids

Answer 39

Metals: good conductors of heat and electric current, high luster (reflects light), ductile (can be drawn into wires), malleable (hammers into sheets without breaking)

Non-metals: Usually a gas at room temperature, with a few exceptions. Large variation. Poor conductors of heat and electric current. Solid non- metals tend to be BRITTLE

Metalloids: may behave like metal or non-metal depending on conditions. Behavior can be controlled by changing the conditions. CAN MIX METALLOIDS WITH OTHER ELEMENTS TO IMPROVE ex) mix silicon with boron = good conductor of electric current