Tessuti

Question 1

What are meristematic tissues?

Answer 1

Indifferentiated tissues responsible for the growth of cell numbers in the plant body and progenitors of all other tissue types.

Active throughout the life of the plant, though not constantly.

Question 2

What are the two types of meristems?

Answer 2

Primary meristems and secondary meristems.

Primary meristems are responsible for primary growth, while secondary meristems contribute to secondary growth.

Question 3

What is the primary function of parenchyma tissues?

Answer 3

Photosynthesis and storage of reserves.

Parenchyma constitutes the majority of the plant body.

Question 4

What do epidermal tissues do?

Answer 4

Cover the surface of the plant and prevent excessive water loss.

Includes epidermis and periderm.

Question 5

What is the role of mechanical tissues in plants?

Answer 5

Support the plant body, allowing it to maintain an upright position.

Includes collenchyma and sclerenchyma.

Question 6

What is the function of conducting tissues?

Answer 6

Transport fluids within different parts of the plant.

Includes xylem and phloem.

Question 7

What are secretory tissues responsible for?

Answer 7

Elaborating substances that can be released inside or outside the plant body.

Question 8

What is differentiation in plant tissues?

Answer 8

The process by which genetically identical cells become different from one another, specializing to perform a specific function.

Question 9

What are the characteristics of meristematic cells?

Answer 9

• Small size
• Isodiametric shape
• Lack of secondary wall
• Numerous small vacuoles
• Undifferentiated plastids
• Large nucleus occupying 50% of cell volume
• Highly developed endoplasmic reticulum
• Numerous small mitochondria
• Well-developed Golgi apparatus.

Question 10

What are the two types of apical meristems?

Answer 10

• Shoot apical meristem (SAM)
• Root apical meristem (RAM).

Question 11

What are primary meristems derived from?

Answer 11

Directly from embryonic tissues.

They are responsible for primary growth along the plant’s major axis.

Question 12

What are secondary meristems responsible for?

Answer 12

Secondary growth, which occurs perpendicular to the major axis of the plant, increasing thickness.

Includes vascular cambium and cork cambium.

Question 13

What tissues do primary meristems give rise to?

Answer 13

• Protoderm (covering tissues)
• Ground meristem (parenchyma)
• Procambium (conducting tissues).

Question 14

What is the role of vascular cambium?

Answer 14

Produces conducting tissues, essential for the plant’s growth and responsible for thickening stems and roots.

Question 15

True or False: Secondary meristems are exclusive to gymnosperms and dicotyledons.

Answer 15

True.

Question 16

What is the significance of the orientation of cell division in meristems?

Answer 16

Determines the arrangement of cells and leaflets, influencing the shape of organs like stems and leaves.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The process by which cells become specialized to perform a specific function is called _______.

Answer 17

[differentiation].

Question 18

What is the difference between initial and derived meristematic cells?

Answer 18

Initial cells remain meristematic, while derived cells differentiate into specific tissues.

Question 19

What does the vascular cambium produce?

Answer 19

• Secondary xylem
• Secondary phloem.

Question 20

What are the characteristics of secondary meristematic tissues?

Answer 20

Formed from already differentiated tissues that regain the ability to divide.

They are responsible for growth in thickness.

Question 21

Describe the structure of meristematic tissues.

Answer 21

Composed of small, isodiametric cells with a large nucleus and well-developed organelles.