tesicular cancer

Question 1

testicular cancer

Answer 1

common among young men
rare overall

very curable cancer

mainly germ cell tumours
-seminomas vs non seminomas

Question 2

testicular cancer presentation

Answer 2

testicular swelling
testicular mass
dull pain

Question 3

testicular cancer diagnosis

Answer 3

ultrasonography :
A cystic or fluid-filled mass is unlikely to represent malignancy. By comparison, seminomas appear as well-defined hypoechoic lesions without cystic areas, while nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) are typically inhomogeneous with calcifications, cystic areas, and indistinct margins

tumor markers:
alpha fetoprotein (AFP), the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG, since the alpha subunit is common to several pituitary hormones), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Serum levels of AFP and/or beta-hCG are elevated in 80 to 85 percent of men with NSGCTs, even when nonmetastatic. By contrast, serum beta-hCG is elevated in less than 20 percent of testicular seminomas, and AFP is not elevated in pure seminomas

CT / MRI of the pelvis:
look for lymph node involvement

Radical inguinal orchiectomy — A radical inguinal orchiectomy should be performed to permit histologic evaluation of the primary tumor and to provide local tumor control. Neither scrotal ultrasound, as mentioned above, nor serum tumor markers are sufficiently accurate to replace radical inguinal orchiectomy.

Question 4

testicular cancer treatment

Answer 4

orchiectomy is curative for local disease

stage 2: radiotherapy or cisplatin based chemotherapy