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Structure and Function of Biomolecules > Tertiary and quaternary structure > Flashcards

Tertiary and quaternary structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is a motif?

A

A recognizable folding pattern that includes 2 or more secondary structures and their connecting elements. Also called supersecondary structure

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2
Q

What secondary structures are found in a beta hairpin?

A

Two antiparallel beta strands and a turn

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3
Q

What secondary structures are found in an EF hand?

A

2 alpha helices, a beta strand, and a loop

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4
Q

Why is the loop in an EF hand significant?

A

It is a calcium binding site

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5
Q

What secondary structures are found in a beta-alpha-beta loop?

A

Two parallel beta strands connected by an alpha helix

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6
Q

What secondary structures are found in a coiled coil?

A

Two alpha helices

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7
Q

What is a greek key?

A

An extended beta hairpin

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8
Q

What structure can a really long greek key form?

A

Beta barrel

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9
Q

What secondary structures are found in an alpha/beta barrel?

A

Combination of a beta barrel formed by parallel beta sheets and the strands are connected by alpha helices

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10
Q

What type of proteins often have the alpha/beta barrel?

A

Enzymes. Also called a TIM barrel

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11
Q

What is a domain?

A

A globular part of the polypeptide chain that is independently stable and has a distinct function

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12
Q

What is a protein family?

A

Group of proteins with similar sequences, tertiary structure, and function

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13
Q

Why can protein structure and function be used to tell evolutionary relationships, but sequences can’t?

A

Sequences will diverge faster than structure or function

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14
Q

What is a protein superfamily?

A

2 or more protein families that have similar tertiary structure and function, but very little sequence similarity

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15
Q

What is an ancient fold?

A

A motif widely distributed and preserved throughout many distantly related groups

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16
Q

What is a new fold?

A

A motif that is limited to a small group of organisms

17
Q

What is an oligomeric protein?

A

A protein with multiple subunits

18
Q

What are the protein subunits called when they are identical?

A

Protomers. They can also be dimers and trimers

19
Q

What are the advantages to having quaternary structure?

A

Allows for complex allosteric regulation, and more efficient protein synthesis

20
Q

How does having quaternary structure allow for more efficient protein synthesis?

A

It is much easier and less wasteful to replace a subunit that has a mistake vs replace an entire protein. Having identical subunits also reduces the number of genes

21
Q

What are the 3 types of rotational symmetry in quaternary structure?

A

Cyclic, dihedral, icosahedral

22
Q

How many axises of rotation are there in a protein with cyclic rotational symmetry?

A

1

23
Q

How are the subunits related to each other when they have C2 symmetry?

A

Twofold cyclic rotational symmetry. C2 has two subunits related by a 180° rotation

24
Q

How are the subunits related to each other when they have C3 symmetry?

A

Threefold cyclic rotational symmetry. C3 has 3 subunits related by a 120° rotation

25
Q

What is an example of a protein with cyclic rotational symmetry?

A

DNA sliding clamps. C2 in prokaryotes and C3 in eukaryotes

26
Q

How many axises of rotation are there in a protein with dihedral rotational symmetry?

A

2, perpendicular to each other

27
Q

How are the subunits related to each other when they have D2 symmetry?

A

Twofold dihedral rotation. 4 subunits. Vertical and horizontal axises have a twofold rotation 180°

28
Q

How are the subunits related to each other when they have D4 symmetry?

A

Fourfold dihedral rotation. 8 subunits.

29
Q

How many axises of rotation are there in a protein with icosahedral rotational symmetry?

A

3

30
Q

Where are proteins with icosahedral symmetry found?

A

Viral capsids

31
Q

How are the subunits related to each other when they have icosahedral symmetry?

A

5 fold rotation at each vertex, 3 fold rotation at each face, 2 fold rotation at each ridge

Structure and Function of Biomolecules (33 decks)

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