Terror 1793-94 Flashcards
What task did the CGS have?
Had overall responsibility for police security , surveillance and spying
It’s aim was to root out any anti republicanism
When was the revolutionary tribunal set up ?
10 March 1793
What task did the revolutionary tribunal have?
To try counter revolutionary suspects and intended to prevent massacres like sept 1792
It was the main instrument of the terror
Who were and what did the representatives on mission do?
They were mainly jacobin deputies from convention sent to provinces to reassert government control
Had unlimited powers over department administrations and the armies
What were the comites de surveillance ?
Set up in each commune and section of major towns
Following plots by royalists being blamed for vendee
They provided victims for revolutionary tribunal
When was the summary execution decree introduced ?
19 March 1793
What was the summary execution decree ?
Provided for the trial and execution of armed Rebels within 24 hours of capture
Trials were held without a jury and there was no appeal
What harsh laws were passed against émigrés ?
Their property was confiscated by government officials and they were to be executed if they returned to France
When was the CPS set up?
6 April 1793
What was purpose of CPS?
To supervise and speed up activities of ministers whose authority it superseded
The convention approved its powers each month
Why did the convention start to turn on the Girondins in May 1793?
Because they were attacking the sans culottes as drinkers of the blood and the Montagnards had asked them to stop but with no success this alongside blame for war failures
What did RObespierre do in relation to Girondins on the 26 May 1793?
He asked people to invoke themselves in an insurrection against the Girondins ?
What happened on the 31st may 1793?
A rising began when news of Jacobin overthrow in Lyon reached Paris
What happened on 2 June 1793 in relation to Girondins ?
80,000 national guardsmen surrounded the convention and directed canon at it demanding the expulsion of Girondins when deputies tried to leave thy were forced back
The Concention was forced to agree arrest of Girondin deputies to prevent massacre
Who did Charlotte Corday murder and when ?
Marat one of the extreme Jacobins and after the pure of the Girondins
She was a young royalist
When and why were the Girondins expelled from the Convention ?
June 1793 for supporting revolts backed by royalists aimed at destroying the republic but this was not true
(Federal revolts)
Why did federal revolts break out?
Due to worsening military crisis
Disillusion with war and course of revolution
Where was the most serious federal revolt?
The naval base of Toulon
There was an uprising which overthrew the town council and closed the jacobin club
How did the government deal with the federal revolts ?
In Toulon govt cut off food supplies but to prevent starvation town authorise negotiated with Britain who insisted monarchy be restored
Due to disorganised rebels govt was Abel to pick them off easily
Why were the Montagnards distrusted after 2 June?
Because of their treatment towards the Girondins but deputies did not want to see Republic overthrown by enemies so were reluctant accomplices of the Montagnards and jacobin minority