Overthrow Of The Monarchy 1792-93

Question 1

What was the declaration of Pillnitz ?

Answer 1

Issued by Austrians in association with Prussia
It stated both countries regarded present Situation as common interest for European rulers
They hoped to restore kings power with force if necessary

Question 2

Why did Marie Atonietee and the king want war?

Answer 2

As a defeat would allow the Kings restoration of power

Question 3

Why did army generals want war?

Answer 3

Wanted political stability as well as kings restoration

Also wanted prestige for themselves

Question 4

When did France declare war

Answer 4

20 April 1792

Question 5

What happened on 20th April 1792 with French forces?

Answer 5

They advanced into Austrian Netherlands but faced with determined opposition retreated to Lille and murdered it’s commander

Question 6

Declaration of pillnitz date ?

Answer 6

27th August 1791

Question 7

When was the declaration of Pillnitz?

Answer 7

27th August 1791

Question 8

What was the reaction of declaration of Pillnitz

Answer 8

People were angry as saw it as foreign intervention and it justified people’s mistrust of the king but in reality it was no big threat and was disregarded by many

Question 9

Why was it unlikely that any action would occur after Pillnitz

Answer 9

Because Britain wouldn’t koin Austria unless directly threatened

Also when constitution is declared Leopold of Austria welcomes it

Question 10

What were there rumours about ?

Answer 10

That the Austrian committee containing Marie Antoinette was determining foreign policy and secret agents were being sent to Vienna to plot counter revolution

Question 11

Why did Brissot want war?

Answer 11

To expose traitors of the revolution and to show kings true feelings about it

Question 12

Who did the brissotons join with ?

Answer 12

Lafayette and his followers

Question 13

When and why did Brissot launch a campaign for the war?

Answer 13

In October 1791 so that the Brissotons could gain more support in order to gain majority in legislative assembly

Question 14

What did Brissots campaign for war include ?

Answer 14

Cases for war:
Successful war would allow French Rev ideals to spread abroad
War would arouse enthusiasm for Rev
International situation was good as European powers unlikely to unite against France as preoccupied

Question 15

Why didn’t Robespierre want war?

Answer 15

He believe the threat came from soldiers who misled the public
War was a way to intimidate France not invade
Foreigners wouldn’t support France and it would be more difficult than people thought

Question 16

When did Prussia and Austria become allies ?

Answer 16

7 feb 1792

Question 17

What did Louis do in regards to his government in March 1792?

Answer 17

Because of Austrian threats and Girondin attacks on Austrian committee
He dismisses feuillant ministers for more radical including Girondin

Question 18

When does Leopold die and what happens to start the war

Answer 18

1 March 1792

Francis II hears rumour that Marie is going to be out on trial so reluctantly starts war

Question 19

Who actually declares war and when?

Answer 19

France declares war on Austria 20 April 1792

Question 20

What date is the attack on Tuileries ?

Answer 20

9th August 1792 -10th August

Question 21

What happened on the 9th August 1792 ?

Answer 21

Sans culottes took over the hotel de ville expelled the city council and set up the revolutionary commune

Question 22

What happened on 10th August 1792 ?

Answer 22

National guard and Federes marched to Tuleries which was guarded by national guard and Swiss mercenaries
The national guard who guarded joined the attackers
Swiss mercenaries fired on attackers but Louis asked them to cease fire then they were killed by attackers

Question 23

What happened to the king and assembly during and after Tuileries ?

Answer 23

The rebels invaded the assembly and forced it to recognise the Rev commune

Deputies had to hand over the king who was imprionsed

Question 24

What did the assembly have to agree ? After tuilieries

Answer 24

To an election by universal male suffrage of a national convention that was to draw up a democratic constitution

Question 25

When did the French army meet fierce opposition and retreat ?

Answer 25

20 April 1792 the army retreated to Lille and murdered it’s commander

Question 26

What was the problem with the French army contributing to military crisis?

Answer 26

Of 12,000 officers half had emigrated
Now mixture of regular and new recruited volunteers who were poorly trained and equipped

Desertion and Rev propaganda led to low morale and discipline

Question 27

What three laws did the assembly pass in May 1782?

Answer 27

Laws to deport refractory priests
Disbanding Kings guard
Third to set up a camp for 20 000 national guard known as Federes

Question 28

How did Louis respond to the laws of May 1792?

Answer 28

He vetoed them in 19th June 1792

He also dismissed his Girondin ministers when they protested

Question 29

What happened as a result of the royal vetoes ? In June 1792

Answer 29

Demonstration leaders wer from cordeliers
8000 poured into Tuileries and aimed to intimidate the king and force him to recall ministers and withdraw vetoes but failed

Question 30

When did the assembly pass la patrie en danger and what was it?

Answer 30

11 July 1792 it called all Frenchmen to fight the war

Also led to admission of passive citizens in the national guard and sectional assemblies

Question 31

When and what was the Brunswick manifesto?

Answer 31

August 1792 by general Brunswick commander in chief of Austria and Prussian armies it’s terms were
To ensure safety of France and not conquer French territory
To restore liberty to Louis and family
That Paris set free Louis
If tuiliers was attacked they would interfere

Question 32

What happened on August 3rd 1792 after Brunswick ?

Answer 32

Mayor of Paris went to assembly with support from 47/48 sections demanding abolition of Louis

Question 33

What happened to the Kings power after tuilieries ?

Answer 33

It’s suspended and up to the national convention whether to dethrone him or not

Commune is now in control of Paris

Question 34

When did the convention meet for first time?

Answer 34

20 September 1792

Question 35

When was monarchy abolished and Republic declared ?

Answer 35

21-22 sept 1792

Question 36

When was Louis tried and executed ?

Answer 36

21 jan 1793

Question 37

When did Lafayette defect to Austrians ?

Answer 37

17 August 1792

Question 38

Why did the September massacres occur ?

Answer 38

Because of worsening military situation

Also growing concern of overcrowding prisons and rumour that they were going to escape and murder people and hand over the city to Prussia

Question 39

Who called for the massacres ?

Answer 39

Marat
Called for the prisoners to be killed
First signs of the terror

Question 40

When were the September massacres and who by

Answer 40

2 sept and lasted five days

Sans culottes were the killers now known as drinkers of blood

Question 41

When was the battle of Valmy and why was it important ?

Answer 41

20 September 1792
52 000 French defeated 34 000 Prussians

First victory for France

Question 42

What decree is passed in January 1793?

Answer 42

Claiming French natural frontiers the Rhine the Alps and the Pyrenees as theirs which meant annexing territory

Question 43

What was the decree of fraternity and when?

Answer 43

November 1792

Question 44

Why did the war of the first coalition start?

Answer 44

Because the republic posed a threat with the decree of fraternity and great powers were alarmed at annexation of nice and savoy and Britain particularly over the Rhine

Question 45

When did the convention declare war on Britain and Holland and Spain ?

Answer 45

Feb 1793

And March for Spain

Question 46

When did the first coalition emerge and what did it consist of ?

Answer 46

Between March and sept 1783

British Holland Spain Piedmont Naples Prussia Russia Austria and Portugal

Question 47

When was the declaration of Pillnitz?

Answer 47

August 1791