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French Revolution > Causes Of French Revolution > Flashcards

Causes Of French Revolution Flashcards

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0
Q

When did Calonne tell Louis the government was on the verge of bankruptcy ?

A

August 1786

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1
Q

When was the Seven Years War?

A

1756-1763

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2
Q

When was France at war for 20 years?

A

Between 1740 and 1783

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3
Q

What did Calonne propose to reform the financial state in France

A

Main proposal to replace the capitation and land tax with single land tax on person not land and no exemptions for anyone

Also abandon controls on grain trade and restore national confidence in loans

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4
Q

Who replaced Calonne

A

Brienne

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5
Q

When was the estates general agreed to meet

A

1 May 1789

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6
Q

When and why were the Paris parlements exiled to Troyes ?

A

August 1787 and because Louis was angry as they did not agree to Briennes reforms

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7
Q

When was Louis forced to allow the Paris Parlements to return?

A

Sept 1788

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8
Q

When was the tennis court oath?

A

June 1789

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9
Q

When was the storming of the Bastille ?

A

July 1789

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10
Q

When was the commune set up in Paris ?

A

15 July 1789 day after the storming of Bastille

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11
Q

When were the august decrees?

A

August 1789

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12
Q

What were the main terms of the august decrees ?

A

Tithes abolished, venality abolished , financial and tax privileges abolished , all citizens taxes equally and special privileges abolished

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13
Q

When was the declaration of rights of man?

A

26 August 1789

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14
Q

When was church land nationalised ?

A

November 1789

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15
Q

When were the October days and what were they a result of?

A

October 1789 and women marched to assembly and king due to his refusal to agree to the decrees and declaration and also because of bread shortages

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16
Q

Define absolutism or autocracy

A

Where one person holds all power

17
Q

Define a province

A

An area governed as part of a country or an empire

18
Q

What were intendants ?

A

Officials appointed by and answerable to the crown

Responsible for police justice and finance.

19
Q

Generalites definition

A

34 areas Into which France was divided for the purpose of tax collection and under control of an intendant

20
Q

What was the taille ? Who paid and was it direct or indirect ?

A

Land tax
Direct tax
Paid by third estate

21
Q

Vingtieme tax who paid and direct or indirect?

A

5% of income
Paid by third estate
Direct tax

22
Q

Capitation ? Direct or indirect ? And who paid ?

A

Poll tax or tax on people
Direct
Paid by theoretically second and third but mainly third estate

23
Q

Who was exempt from the taille ?

A

Nobles

24
Q

Gabelle tax

A

Indirect
Tax on salt
Paid by everyone

25
Q

Aidas tax

A

Indirect
Paid by everyone
Tax on food and drink

26
Q

Octrois tax

A

Indirect
Paid by everyone
Tax on goods entering town

27
Q

What was tax collection known as and who collected them?

A

Tax farming

Collected by company called Farmers-General

28
Q

What was the venality system ?

A

Many officials who collected taxes were under this system
It was a system where certain jobs could be bought or transferred onto descendants
These officials could not be dismissed therefore =corruption

29
Q

How does church avoid paying tax?

A

By making a voluntary contribution annual grant of approx 16 million livres - only 5% of their income

30
Q

What is plurality ?

A

The holding of more than one bishopric or parish by an individual

31
Q

What is a bishopric ?

A

The office or rank of a bishop

32
Q

What is a diocese ?

A

A district under a bishops control

33
Q

What were tithes ?

A

Charges paid by landowners to the church based on proportion of crops

Money meant to to go to poor relief but most bishops kept to themselves

34
Q

Why was church unpopular ?

A

Tithes
Plurality
Exempt from all taxes
Had significant power over people in France like censorship etc

35
Q

What were the privileges of the nobility ?

A 
Held top jobs
Tried in special courts 
Exempt from military service 
Exempt from gabelle and taille 
Paid no direct taxes 
Exempt from corvee
36
Q

How join the nobility ?

A

Inheritance
Direct appointment by king
Buying certain offices that carried hereditary titles

37
Q

What were the grievances of the third estate?

A

Taxation
Tithes
Feudal dues
Taxes increased dramatically from 1749 to 1783

38
Q

What did the philosophes favour?

A

Liberty of press, speech, trade and wanted equality before the law

39
Q

When and what did the economic crisis. Consist of?

A

1780s agricultural prosperity ended and there were disastrous harvests which led to mass unemployment
Rises in food prices led to
Less demand for manufactured goods and less workers
Overall food shortages
Hoarding

French Revolution (11 decks)

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