Territorial North

Question 1

Represents which territories

Answer 1

Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
represent Canada’s last frontier
rich in natural resources but slow to develop

Question 2

how is the population of territorial north?

Answer 2

largest in area, smallest in pop
- one of the most sparsely populated areas on Earth
- Indigenous Peoples are the majority of Pop

Question 3

It extends over which 4 physiographic regions

Answer 3

Canadian shield
Interior Plains Cordillera
Arctic Archipelago

Question 4

What is the vegetation consist of?

Answer 4

tundra, mosses, some grasses and shrubs

Question 5

What is the area classified as?

Answer 5

desert bc precipitation is less than 250mm per year

Question 6

how is the climate like?

Answer 6

summers are short + snowfall anytime of the year

Question 7

Where is this region located?

Answer 7

most of it located north of Arctic Circle (66.5N line of latitude)
significance of this line
- any location north of it will experience at least one day in a year when the sun does not rise and one day when the sun does not set

Question 8

How has climate change affected these regions?

Answer 8

• temps expected to warm more in polar regions
• summers forecasted to mostly be ice-free in Arctic Ocean and Hudson Bay by 2050
• pop of polar bears + caribou likely be greatly reduced
• melting ice and snow leads to even more warming; positive feedback cycle

Question 9

What was the area in this region formerly known as?

Answer 9

Rupert’s Land

Question 10

Who declared ownership of this land as a result of early discovery and exploration?

Answer 10

Britian

Question 11

What happened to this region?

Answer 11

Until end of WW2 fed govt generally ignored the Territorial North leaving Indigenous Peoples there to live off the land

Question 12

Territorial North served as buffer zone btwn soviet union and rest of NA after WW2, RADAR stations were constructed along 70 N line of latitude. What did they do?

Answer 12

To detect potential Soviet bombers + allow sufficient response time for US fighter planes to destroy them

Question 13

How is the Indigenous population?

Answer 13

high birth rate , low death rate, accounting for high population growth is entirely natural increase

Question 14

What is Territorial North dependent on

Answer 14

non-renewable resources
- region is vulnerable to sharp fluctuations in both prices + global demand for its exports
- economy has been subjected to boom-and-bust cycles

Question 15

Who found Baffin island while searching for a route to Asia

Answer 15

Martin Frobisher
- battle btwn his crew and Inuit
- many of inuit succumbed to disease soon after
- Community of Frobisher Bay was renamed Iqaluit but bay through which he travelled retains his name

Question 16

What is the continuous pass to Asia through Territorial North

Answer 16

waterway referred to as Northwest Passage

Question 17

Who are the 2 groups of Indigenous Peoples that inhabited the region

Answer 17

Inuit and Dene

Question 18

Where do Dene live?

Answer 18

areas in NWT
historically hunted caribou in tundra-boreal transition vegetation region

Question 19

EU whalers pushing farther west had to spend Winter on nearby land, they met Unit and traded what?

Answer 19

Inuit hunt and provide meat for whalers in return for knives and rifles

Question 20

What led to the establishment of trading posts in Territorial North?

Answer 20

Demand for Arctic fox pelt in EU
- Inuit heavily involved in fur trade, it dominated their economy

Question 21

Continued arrivals brought what diseases?

Answer 21

measles
smallpox
other spreadable diseases Inuit had no immunity to

Question 22

why did Inuit relocate to settlements

Answer 22

1. seen as necessary to protect them from hardships living off the land
2. concentrating people in settlements allowed the fed govt to provide them w/ services efficiently

Question 23

how did relocation of Inuit positively affect them

Answer 23

• food security
  -access to medical services
• public education

Question 24

how did relocation of Inuit negatively impact them

Answer 24

-sense of cultural devaluation due to loss of traditional hunting culture
- social issues related to poverty + unemployment

Question 25

Inuit settlements in Nunavut have the highest rates of waht in Canada

Answer 25

suicide and alcoholism

Question 26

What is a positive outcome of settlement life for Inuit

Answer 26

educated Indigenous leaders helped lead negotiations for land claim agreements across Canada

Question 27

What does Nunavut mean in Inuktitut

Answer 27

our land

Question 28

what are the offical languages in Nunavut

Answer 28

English, French, Inuktitut

Question 29

What form of govt did the Inuit establish?

Answer 29

public form
- such that both Inuit and non-Inuit residents have equal political rights
- as objective of nunavut govt is to promote inuit traditional culture

Question 30

What is Inuit Traditional Culture?

Answer 30

values include:
- strong attachment to land
- country food (food obtained directly from land or water by means of hunting or fishing)
- ethic of sharing

Question 31

Why have the European Union banned import of seal pelts

Answer 31

they believe it is inhumane killing; this has negatively affected the Inuit economy

Question 32

What are the main commercial elements of the economy

Answer 32

energy and mining
- based on 2 components:
- extration of natural resources
- transfer payments from fed govt

Question 33

Where are the transportation routes?

Answer 33

few transportation routes due to high cost of construction and sparse population
- nunavut does not have any highways or railroads
- winter roads connect some mining sites with year-round highways

Question 34

what are winter roads

Answer 34

temporary road over frozen river or lake

Question 35

What are megaprojects

Answer 35

resource development projects controlled by large multinational corporations

Question 36

Why do megaprojects in this region have limited life span

Answer 36

all megaproejcts in this region are based on non-renewable resources

Question 37

Why arent megaprojects necessarily beneficial to Territorial North even if megaprojects create development?

Answer 37

• construction equipment + supplies are manufactured outside the reigon
• negative impact on landscape
• many workers live in provinces + spend their wages in their home communities there
• workers form the provinces pay income tax to provincial rather than territorial govt