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Geography > British Columbia > Flashcards

British Columbia Flashcards

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1
Q

Mostly located in which physiographic region?

A

Cordillera

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2
Q

What are is BC main exports?

A

lumber, pulp + paper, natural gas, coal

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3
Q

How is the pop in BC

A

fast growing, many immigrants to Vancouver from Asia that fuel economic growth

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4
Q

What is the Pacific Rim Trade?

A

Canadian export to Pacific Rim (East Asia) make up 25% of products passing through BC ports
Trade accelerated w/ China as economy develops

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5
Q

Is BC a Core or Periphery

A

not considered a core, due to small manufacturing base
- economic advancement in knowledge-based economy resulted in BC becoming upward transitional periphery region

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6
Q

What acts like a physical divide to BC and Canada?

A

Rocky Mountains

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7
Q

How is BC geologically active?

A

in a area where one tectonic plate subducting beneath another causing Earthquakes on seafloor producing tsunamis

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8
Q

Why is precipitation highly variable by location?

A

Due to orographic effects

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9
Q

What is the Pineapple Express?

A

a flow of warm air in winter originating in Hawaii that results in mild temperatures but high precipitation

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10
Q

What does Vancouver Island/Coast have?

A
  • Coast Mountain
  • Fjords common along coast
  • mildest winters due to moderation from Pacific Ocean
  • Major industries include forestry, fishing, govt services
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11
Q

What does the Lower Mainland/ Southwest provide?

A

Contain alluvial soil high nutrient content
- major agricultural area
- Most population in BC in this region, as it is home to Vancouver

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12
Q

What does Thompson / Okanagan provide?

A

land is composed of mix of open range grasses, cattle ranches, forest and some crops
- tourism is an important industry in area around Lake Okanagan
- Major transportation corridors pass

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13
Q

What is found in Kootenay region?

A

Rocky Mountain
- Continental Divide forms border btwn this region and Alberta
economy based on tourism + mining

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14
Q

What is found in Cariboo - Prince George

A

Prince george is a regional service center
pulp and paper mills are important industries in this region

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15
Q

What is found in Skeena / North Coast

A

economy based on fishing, aluminum smelters, hydroelectric power, tourism from Alaska cruises

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16
Q

What is found in Northeast

A

only part of province located in Interior Plains physiographic region
The only highway connecting Yukon and Alaska to Southern Canada passes through here

17
Q

What is the only rainforest in Canada BC called?

A

Great Bear Rainforest

18
Q

What has environmentalist do to help preserve forest from logging?

A

Great Bear Rainforest been designated as biosphere reserve where logging is only permitted in small areas

19
Q

Who were the early explorers of BC

A

Spanish, Russians, + British explorers

20
Q

Where was the US- British boundary line drawn on?

A

1946 drawn along 49N latitude
- then became US- Canada border

21
Q

What was Vancouver a trans-shipment point for?

A

lumber and coal from BC and grain grown in Prairies

22
Q

What are the most valuable species of fish harvested along BC coast?

A

salmon, herring, shellfish

23
Q

Overexploitation of what fish plagued BC fishing industry

A

salmon

24
Q

Why was salmon hard to regulate

A

salmon like to migrate long distances, may spawn in Canadian waters but then migrate to US waters

25
Q

What are the issues for federal govt for managing salmon

A
  • salmon spawn in rivers but migrate to oceans then return to givers on 5 year cycle
  • forestry + hydroelectric industries negatively impacted salmon spawning grounds
    -Indigenous Peoples are permitted to catch salmon for subsistence
  • salmon spawned in BC have been harvested by other countries in international waters
26
Q

Why is there a downward trend in the size of salmon catch?

A
  • pollution of fish habitat
  • warming ocean temperatures
    -overfishing + high fish quotas
  • Indigenous fishery
27
Q

Why is exporting minerals from BC mines a challenge?

A

most mines located far from ocean ports

28
Q

How much power in BC generated by hydroelectricity?

A

over 80%

29
Q

What are the ideal conditions for hydroelectric plants in Cordillera?

A

high elevation, steep-sided canyons + fast flowing rivers

30
Q

What was widened due to growing tourism demand

A

Sea-to-sky highway

31
Q

Half of —- that is exported form Canada originates from BC

A

softwood lumber

32
Q

BC forests are divided in 2 major regions.

A

Coast forest
interior forest

33
Q

Describe the BC coast forest

A

mild temps + abundant rainfall
low risk of forest fires from lack of lightning result in massive trees living over 200 years

34
Q

what are the most common species of tree in Coast forest

A

fir
cedar
hemlock

35
Q

Describe the BC interior forest

A

precipitation less abundant
prone to drought and forest fires esp in late summer
trees are smaller and have shorter life span

36
Q

what are the most common species of tree in interior forest

A

lodgepole pine
ponderosa pine
mountain pine

37
Q

What invasive species is in interior forest

A

Mountain Pine Beetle
- decimated vast areas of forest
- warmer winters from climate change allow beetles spread at rapid rate
- bore into bark of trees + lay eggs

38
Q

What was the softwood lumber dispute w/ US

A

US lumber compaines were complaining abt losing market share to Canadian companies selling at lower prices
-lobbyist working for US lumber industry encouraged US govt to impost duties on Canadian lumber even with NAFTA duties still permitted
- US claimed lower prices form of unfair trade

39
Q

What was the softwood lumber trade agreement?

A

agreement btwn US and Canada signed to put endto dispute
- US return $4 B duty that was charged on Canadian lumber companies
- US cannot launch anymore trade actions against Canadian lumber companies
- If lumber prices were below a certain value, Canada had to impose tax on its own lumber exports

Geography (7 decks)

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