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Geography > Atlantic Provinces > Flashcards

Atlantic Provinces Flashcards

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1
Q

Atlantic provinces home to what 3 maritime provinces

A

new brunswick
nova scotia
PEI
and NFL +L
they have the lowest pop of all Canadian provinces

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2
Q

Area consists of what 2 physiographic regions

A

Appalachian Uplands and Canadian Shield

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3
Q

Proximity to the Atlantic Ocean results in what?

A

high amt of precipitation

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4
Q

Weather systems move from west to east across NA gain moisture from ocean thus intensify as move over region. Systems that rapidly gain intensity in this way are referred to as …..

A

nor’easters

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5
Q

What is the moderating effect of the Atlantic Ocean

A

still below freezing, moderating effect, keeps winter temps along the coast warmer than other parts of Canada at similar latitudes

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6
Q

Warm air masses originate from where that collide with cold air masses that create heavy cloud cover?

A

Gulf of Mexico

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7
Q

What current is evident by flow of icebergs that originate in Greenland

A

The Labrador Current

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8
Q

How is teh climate in NFL

A

least desirable of any province
Gulf Stream is warm current meets Labrador Current
- the mix of warm and cold currents causes freq fog + mist

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9
Q

This reigon was teh first part of NA to be discovered by who?

A

European explorers

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10
Q

Vikings from Norway established a settlement where

A

L’Anse aux Meadows

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11
Q

Who was teh Italian explorer that reached NFL while searching for a route to Asia

A

John Cabot

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12
Q

How did the US war of Independence impact historical settlement of Atlantic region

A

following victory by US
40k British Loyalists migrate to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
- Waves of immigrants from British Isles continued over next 100 years

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13
Q

Who settled on Cape Breton Island

A

the scottish

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14
Q

the availability of timber and seaside location provided ideal conditions for waht for the British Navy

A

Shipbuilding

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15
Q

What was the main resource for ship building

A

just before confederation, iron replaced wood as the main resource for ship building

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16
Q

WHy were the Atlantic provinces reluctant to join confederation

A

far distance from major markets of rest of Canada
- Intercolonial Railway from Montreal to Halifax played a role luring Maritimes to join Confederation

17
Q

What did the intercolonial Railway do

A

gave access for larger markets and allowed Maritime businesses to grow

18
Q

What did the national policy do

A

led to development of Southern ON + Southern QC as main manufacturing area and resulted in Atlantic region remain as periphery

19
Q

How is the economy in Atlantic provinces

A

Unemployment rates are high
- heavy dependence on federal govt for economic support

20
Q

Why is there weak economic performance of this region?

A
  • the division of 4 small provinces discourages integrated economy
  • some natural resources have been nearly exhausted (coal) or exploited (cod)
  • population widely dispersed
  • geographically isolated from political power
21
Q

How is the steel industry in Nova Scotia?

A

steel was used for construction of railroads all across Canada.
- demand for steel dropped following world war 2 and size of labour force was reduced
- steel mill in Sydney closed leaving Cape Breton Island with a depressed economy

22
Q

Why were the Sydney Tar ponds biggest environmental clean up project in Canada?

A

formerly major iron + steel producing center
- air was heavily polluted + tar ponds contained waste products form steel mill
toxic chemicals leaking into nearby creek + contaminated groundwater in area
- high cancer rates
- ponds were solidified w/ cement-like mixture adn buried with soil

23
Q

What is the Atlantic Continental Shelf?

A

The continental shelf inclueded several banks
- banks are areas where water is relatively shallow + contains high amts of wildlife
- largest are Grand Banks and Georges Bank

24
Q

What is a Continental shelf

A

extended perimeter of a continent associated with coastal plain

25
Q

Rights to Georges Bank

A

5/6 to US, 1/6 to Canada rich in scallops benefiting Nova Scotia Economy

26
Q

Which province harvested mostly cod

A

NFL

27
Q

which province harvest variety of sea life

A

Maritime provinces

28
Q

what is the most valuable species of catch

A

lobster

29
Q

how has modernization impact fishing industry

A

-fewer fishers req since nets and gear have become more efficient
-large trawlers w/ weighted nets have contributed to problem of exploitation

30
Q

How has larger trawlers contribute to exploitation?

A

weighted nets traps all types of fish, species and values
implication of this:
- create waste bc non-commercial fish are discarded
- destroy fragile ecosystems on ocean floor, including reefs + habitats for breeding

31
Q

How was the cod fishery mismanaged?

A
  • estimates of cod stocks by dept of Fisheries and oceans were too high
  • Strong pressure for high cod quotas from NFL politicians to increase revenue
  • Canada does not have control over the outer reigons of the Grand Banks
32
Q

Forests in Atlantic Canada are what type

A

Coniferous

33
Q

What objective does the federal govt have for Halifax

A

developing world class shipbuilding industry
- maintenance of ships will ensure stable employment in this industry for decades

34
Q

Churchill Falls hydroelectric project opened after a dam was built on Churchill River in Labrador. This dam created the Smallwood reservoir, who was it named after?

A

Joey Smallwood, first premier of the province

35
Q

What is the Churchill Falls Power agreement

A

power exported from Churchill to US, it must be transmitted through Quebec.
- Quebec refused to allow this and negotiated deal to buy power produced from project
- quebec can buy power from Churchill Falls at 1969 prices until 2041
- this agreement has resulted in resentment toward QC among residents of NFL + L

36
Q

What is the best agricultural land in the Atlantic Provinces

A

Annapolis Valley

37
Q

Why are many villages the developed around harbours in decline?

A

-delivering health care, education and social services to these villages is very costly
- many young ppl leave villages in favour of larger urban centers

38
Q

what is the NFL resettlement program?

A

joint venture btwn federal govt and NFL govt
- residents of tiny villages encouraged to relocate to one of 88 “growth centers”
- if at least 75% of residents of village agreed, they received money to pay for moving expenses
over 150 villages were abandoned under this program

39
Q

What is the confederation Bridge?

A

links PEI To New Brunswick
- boost to tourism and retail sectors on PEI
- one of the most expensive toll bridges in the world

Geography (7 decks)

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