Ontario Flashcards
Canada’s economy will remain anchored on which province?
Ontario
Why is Canada’s economy anchored around Ontario?
- Large population size (39% of Canadians)
- median personal income is above national median
Greatest cluster of cities, unis, tech/research centers
Central location w/ high volume border crossing to US
What are the 3 physiographic regions found in ON?
hudson bay lowlands
Canadian shield
st. lawrence lowlands
Describe the climate in ON
-summers are hot + humid w/ air masses that often originate over the Southeast US
- winters are cold w/ air masses that often originate over Prairie Provinces or Arctic
- As air masses move over Great Lakes, the lakes create localized climatic effects
what is the lake-effect snow
caused by cold air moving over warm water of Great lakes
- snowbelts are found downwind of lakes
- heavy snow falls downwind of lakes
- London + kitchener freq receive lake-effect snow From Lake Huron causing high annual snowfall
- Windsor receives lake-effect snow from Lake Michigan
What is Lake-Effect Clouds
- lake-effect clouds form when cold air move across warm lakes
- Southern ON freq experiences lake effect cloud in winter
How do lake-effect cloud and snow diminish
only if lake freezes, doesnt occur until usually Feb
How are thunderstorms and tornadoes in ON
sever thunderstorms + tornadoes in Southern ON
- occur when wind from SW bring warm, moist air from Gulf of Mexico
- Warm air may interact w/ cooler lake breezes can lead to thunderstorms
What is Ontario named after
An Iroquois word meaning “beautiful water”
named after lake ontario
What is the canal that allows ships to bypass Niagara Falls?
Welland Canal
Why are the 5 Great Lakes important to ON economy
- tourism
- recreation
-fishing
-transportation along St. Lawrence Seaway
-
What is the St. Lawrence Seaway
the seaway connects Great Lakes w/ Atlantic Ocean
What are the envirionmental challenges of Great Lakes?
- Health
- Toxic contamination
- Exotic species (lack of predators)
what is Eutrophication?
the addition of phosphates into lakes from fertilizers + chemicals that run off from agricultural areas
How is Ontario reducing Air Pollution
- close all coal power plants
- natural gas, nuclear plants + renewable energy methods
- wind turbines built (currently supply 8% of electricity demand)
What is the best location for wind turbines
areas that are flat landscapes relatively close to lake shorelines
Who founded the first settlement in Ontario?
The French in 1749 across river from Detroit
- named it Petite Cote (renamed Windsor)
When did British Loyalists from US begin settling throughout Southern ON
in late 1700s
what does D’etriot mean
“the strait”
What was the War of 1812
- tension btwn Britain + US caused battles in Upper Canada, with the objective of US to annex southern parts of Upper Canada
Who led the British forces in teh war of 1812
Major General Isaac Brock
Who led the Indigenous forces in the war of 1812
Chief Tecumseh
What are the regions of Ontario?
- Northern
- Eastern
- Central
- Golden Horseshoe
- Southwestern
What are the major industries of Northern ON
forestry + mining
What are the largest cities in Northern ON
- sudbury, thunder bay, sault ste. Marie
What region is driven by jobs in federal govt
Eastern Ontario
what are the largest cities in Eastern ON
ottawa, kingston, cornwall
What region is driven by seasonal tourism + recreation?
Central Ontario
nickname = “Cottage Country”
What region is driven by jobs in finance, insurance, health care and education?
Golden Horseshoe
What CMAs does the Golden Horseshoe contain?
Toronto
Hamilton
St. Catharines
Which region attracts more immigrants and why?
Golden Horseshoe bc almost entirely urbanized, it is also dense and diverse pop
What region is driven by manufacturing and agriculture
Southwestern ON
How is the demand for lumber in Northern ON
decreasing due to technology lowering demand
What is the main export of Northern ON
softwood lumber
Who owns most of the land of Northern ON
It is Crown land, owned by provincial govt
What is the Annual Allowable Cut (AAC)
Provincial govt contract w/ logging companies w/ strict regulations
- they are responsible for replanting trees due to the challenge of forest industry to maintain balance btwn cutting + regrowth of forest
What production in Ontario exceeds that of all other provinces + territories?
Metallic mineral production, the canadian shield contains gold, nickel, silver and copper
why do mining communites have short lifespan
due to minerals being non-renewable
How is the pop in northern ON
pop is growing slower than national avg
How is teh transportation in Northern ON
rocky terrian make it diff to traverse and discourages settlement
How is the agirculture in Southern ON
over half of highest quality agricultural land in canada
- this is due to temperatures moderated by great lakes, consistent precipitation and fertile soil
What is the most dominant type of farming in Southwestern ON?
cropland
What is the most dominat type of farming in Eastern ON
livestock farms
What is the most common crop grown thoughout Southwestern ON
Corn
Where is tabacco mainly grown
grown on sand plain north of Lake Erie in area around Tillsonburg bc soil not suitble for growing other crops
What is teh most common crops in Southwestern ON?
tomatoes + grapes, bc vineyards and greenhouses are common in extreme Southwestern ON
Where are fruit mostly grown?
Peaches, cherries, plums grown in Niagara area
Where is the Niagara Fruit Belt
small area located btwn Lake ON + lake erie
microclimate exists
- moderated climate
- niagara escarpment protects area from harsh winds
What are teh 3 reasons for manufacturing in Southern ON
- Geographic advantage (near US)
- Trade restriction (National Policy)
- Size of domestic market (large work force)
Where were the first auto plants in NA built?
In Detrioit and Windsor
What percentage of vehicles are made in NA today
15% made in Southern ON
What are the 5 parts to the Auto Industry
- Suppliers to materials
- Parts production in small factories
- vehicle assembly in massive plants
- Service firms (advertisers, designers, sales)
- Corporate (decision makers, administration)
When was the autopact developed?
1965 by CAN and US to combine both countries auto industries to form 1 large NA auto industry
what are the benefits to autopact
guaranteed taht canadian plants would not close
- allowed canadian plants to specialize in certain vehicle models
- reduces price of vehicles
what was the autopact agreement
both countries eliminate the 15% tariff on automobiles + parts
Auto Pact was the precursor to —-
NAFTA
What is the Big Three
teh 3 big automotive companies headquartered in NA
- General Motors
- Ford
- Chrysler
what percent of vehicles produced in NA from Big Three
60%
Why are japanese based companies chosing to build large plants in ON in 1980 despite being lured by US jurisdictions
- ON has highly skilled automotive workforce
- Publicly funded health care ava, dont need to pay medical insurance for employees
What was the govt response to the Auto Crisis due to 2008-2009 recession?
stephen harper, President George W, Bush, and ON premier Dalton McGuinty kept GM and Chrysler afloat loaning billions of dollars and saved from them bankruptcy
What percentage of exports from ON go to US. Why?
80%
production in forestry, mining, auto is greater than Canadian market can absorb so products are exported to US
How much of automobile trade with Canada and US
30%
What percentage of Ontarians live in an urban area
80%
What is Toronto home to
financial capital, home to main offices of national banks and investment firms
- hub for entertainment industry
What is Toronto’s population driving force
population growth is mainly due to immigrants
51% of pop is visible minority
Where does the Federal govt do their operations
Ottawa
GTA Greenbelt
effort by provincial govt to slow urban sprawl
- prohibits urban developmetn in large designated zone surrounding GTA
