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Geography > Ontario > Flashcards

Ontario Flashcards

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1
Q

Canada’s economy will remain anchored on which province?

A

Ontario

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2
Q

Why is Canada’s economy anchored around Ontario?

A
  • Large population size (39% of Canadians)
  • median personal income is above national median
    Greatest cluster of cities, unis, tech/research centers
    Central location w/ high volume border crossing to US
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3
Q

What are the 3 physiographic regions found in ON?

A

hudson bay lowlands
Canadian shield
st. lawrence lowlands

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4
Q

Describe the climate in ON

A

-summers are hot + humid w/ air masses that often originate over the Southeast US
- winters are cold w/ air masses that often originate over Prairie Provinces or Arctic
- As air masses move over Great Lakes, the lakes create localized climatic effects

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5
Q

what is the lake-effect snow

A

caused by cold air moving over warm water of Great lakes
- snowbelts are found downwind of lakes
- heavy snow falls downwind of lakes
- London + kitchener freq receive lake-effect snow From Lake Huron causing high annual snowfall
- Windsor receives lake-effect snow from Lake Michigan

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6
Q

What is Lake-Effect Clouds

A
  • lake-effect clouds form when cold air move across warm lakes
  • Southern ON freq experiences lake effect cloud in winter
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7
Q

How do lake-effect cloud and snow diminish

A

only if lake freezes, doesnt occur until usually Feb

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8
Q

How are thunderstorms and tornadoes in ON

A

sever thunderstorms + tornadoes in Southern ON
- occur when wind from SW bring warm, moist air from Gulf of Mexico
- Warm air may interact w/ cooler lake breezes can lead to thunderstorms

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9
Q

What is Ontario named after

A

An Iroquois word meaning “beautiful water”
named after lake ontario

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10
Q

What is the canal that allows ships to bypass Niagara Falls?

A

Welland Canal

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11
Q

Why are the 5 Great Lakes important to ON economy

A
  • tourism
  • recreation
    -fishing
    -transportation along St. Lawrence Seaway
    -
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12
Q

What is the St. Lawrence Seaway

A

the seaway connects Great Lakes w/ Atlantic Ocean

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13
Q

What are the envirionmental challenges of Great Lakes?

A
  1. Health
  2. Toxic contamination
  3. Exotic species (lack of predators)
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14
Q

what is Eutrophication?

A

the addition of phosphates into lakes from fertilizers + chemicals that run off from agricultural areas

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15
Q

How is Ontario reducing Air Pollution

A
  • close all coal power plants
  • natural gas, nuclear plants + renewable energy methods
  • wind turbines built (currently supply 8% of electricity demand)
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16
Q

What is the best location for wind turbines

A

areas that are flat landscapes relatively close to lake shorelines

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17
Q

Who founded the first settlement in Ontario?

A

The French in 1749 across river from Detroit
- named it Petite Cote (renamed Windsor)

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18
Q

When did British Loyalists from US begin settling throughout Southern ON

A

in late 1700s

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19
Q

what does D’etriot mean

A

“the strait”

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20
Q

What was the War of 1812

A
  • tension btwn Britain + US caused battles in Upper Canada, with the objective of US to annex southern parts of Upper Canada
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21
Q

Who led the British forces in teh war of 1812

A

Major General Isaac Brock

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22
Q

Who led the Indigenous forces in the war of 1812

A

Chief Tecumseh

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23
Q

What are the regions of Ontario?

A
  • Northern
  • Eastern
  • Central
  • Golden Horseshoe
  • Southwestern
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24
Q

What are the major industries of Northern ON

A

forestry + mining

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25
Q

What are the largest cities in Northern ON

A
  • sudbury, thunder bay, sault ste. Marie
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26
Q

What region is driven by jobs in federal govt

A

Eastern Ontario

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27
Q

what are the largest cities in Eastern ON

A

ottawa, kingston, cornwall

28
Q

What region is driven by seasonal tourism + recreation?

A

Central Ontario
nickname = “Cottage Country”

29
Q

What region is driven by jobs in finance, insurance, health care and education?

A

Golden Horseshoe

30
Q

What CMAs does the Golden Horseshoe contain?

A

Toronto
Hamilton
St. Catharines

31
Q

Which region attracts more immigrants and why?

A

Golden Horseshoe bc almost entirely urbanized, it is also dense and diverse pop

32
Q

What region is driven by manufacturing and agriculture

A

Southwestern ON

33
Q

How is the demand for lumber in Northern ON

A

decreasing due to technology lowering demand

34
Q

What is the main export of Northern ON

A

softwood lumber

35
Q

Who owns most of the land of Northern ON

A

It is Crown land, owned by provincial govt

36
Q

What is the Annual Allowable Cut (AAC)

A

Provincial govt contract w/ logging companies w/ strict regulations
- they are responsible for replanting trees due to the challenge of forest industry to maintain balance btwn cutting + regrowth of forest

37
Q

What production in Ontario exceeds that of all other provinces + territories?

A

Metallic mineral production, the canadian shield contains gold, nickel, silver and copper

38
Q

why do mining communites have short lifespan

A

due to minerals being non-renewable

39
Q

How is the pop in northern ON

A

pop is growing slower than national avg

40
Q

How is teh transportation in Northern ON

A

rocky terrian make it diff to traverse and discourages settlement

41
Q

How is the agirculture in Southern ON

A

over half of highest quality agricultural land in canada
- this is due to temperatures moderated by great lakes, consistent precipitation and fertile soil

42
Q

What is the most dominant type of farming in Southwestern ON?

A

cropland

43
Q

What is the most dominat type of farming in Eastern ON

A

livestock farms

44
Q

What is the most common crop grown thoughout Southwestern ON

A

Corn

45
Q

Where is tabacco mainly grown

A

grown on sand plain north of Lake Erie in area around Tillsonburg bc soil not suitble for growing other crops

46
Q

What is teh most common crops in Southwestern ON?

A

tomatoes + grapes, bc vineyards and greenhouses are common in extreme Southwestern ON

47
Q

Where are fruit mostly grown?

A

Peaches, cherries, plums grown in Niagara area

48
Q

Where is the Niagara Fruit Belt

A

small area located btwn Lake ON + lake erie
microclimate exists
- moderated climate
- niagara escarpment protects area from harsh winds

49
Q

What are teh 3 reasons for manufacturing in Southern ON

A
  1. Geographic advantage (near US)
  2. Trade restriction (National Policy)
  3. Size of domestic market (large work force)
50
Q

Where were the first auto plants in NA built?

A

In Detrioit and Windsor

51
Q

What percentage of vehicles are made in NA today

A

15% made in Southern ON

52
Q

What are the 5 parts to the Auto Industry

A
  1. Suppliers to materials
  2. Parts production in small factories
  3. vehicle assembly in massive plants
  4. Service firms (advertisers, designers, sales)
  5. Corporate (decision makers, administration)
53
Q

When was the autopact developed?

A

1965 by CAN and US to combine both countries auto industries to form 1 large NA auto industry

54
Q

what are the benefits to autopact

A

guaranteed taht canadian plants would not close
- allowed canadian plants to specialize in certain vehicle models
- reduces price of vehicles

55
Q

what was the autopact agreement

A

both countries eliminate the 15% tariff on automobiles + parts

56
Q

Auto Pact was the precursor to —-

A

NAFTA

57
Q

What is the Big Three

A

teh 3 big automotive companies headquartered in NA
- General Motors
- Ford
- Chrysler

58
Q

what percent of vehicles produced in NA from Big Three

A

60%

59
Q

Why are japanese based companies chosing to build large plants in ON in 1980 despite being lured by US jurisdictions

A
  • ON has highly skilled automotive workforce
  • Publicly funded health care ava, dont need to pay medical insurance for employees
60
Q

What was the govt response to the Auto Crisis due to 2008-2009 recession?

A

stephen harper, President George W, Bush, and ON premier Dalton McGuinty kept GM and Chrysler afloat loaning billions of dollars and saved from them bankruptcy

61
Q

What percentage of exports from ON go to US. Why?

A

80%
production in forestry, mining, auto is greater than Canadian market can absorb so products are exported to US

62
Q

How much of automobile trade with Canada and US

A

30%

63
Q

What percentage of Ontarians live in an urban area

A

80%

64
Q

What is Toronto home to

A

financial capital, home to main offices of national banks and investment firms
- hub for entertainment industry

65
Q

What is Toronto’s population driving force

A

population growth is mainly due to immigrants
51% of pop is visible minority

66
Q

Where does the Federal govt do their operations

A

Ottawa

67
Q

GTA Greenbelt

A

effort by provincial govt to slow urban sprawl
- prohibits urban developmetn in large designated zone surrounding GTA

Geography (7 decks)

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