Quebec Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Quebec home to?

A

Largest francophone population outside of France

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2
Q

What do they refer any resident of Quebec regardless of mother tongue as?

A

Quebecois (in French)
Quebecers (English)

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3
Q

How much of pop of QC has French as mother tongue?

A

78%

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4
Q

Anglophone and allophone tend to be concentrated where?

A

Montreal and Gatineau

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5
Q

What is the provincial law of quebec to businesses

A

Req businesses to use French, preserve French as primary language in region

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6
Q

How is teh population growth in Quebec

A

pop growth is slower than national avg
birth rate is high in Northern QC, butt immigration rate is low in most areas outside of Montreal

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7
Q

What is the best agricultural land of QC used for?

A

primarily for dairy farming found along St. Lawrence River btwn Montreal + QC city

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8
Q

Why is St. Lawrence River important?

A

essential part of water- based transportation in NA connecting Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean

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9
Q

What are the environmental issues in QC?

A

-mining wastes in Canadian Shield mines
- part of St. Lawrence River contain high levels of toxic chemicals, lead + mercury from older industrial processes
-Zebra mussle

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10
Q

What is the invasive species that negatively impacted the aquatic ecosystem?

A

Zebra mussel

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11
Q

Where did Zebra mussel originate

A

Small mollusk introduced to St. Lawrence River by ships that originated in EU.
They block hundreds of pipelines + water intakes resulting in high costs to infrastructure maintenance

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12
Q

How are they improving the environment?

A

All energy in QC generated from renewable hydroelectric sources
- motorist in QC heavily taxed on gasoline

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13
Q

What is the gasoline tax used to fund part of?

A

Fund maintenance of extensive hydroelectric nrg sys

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14
Q

What was Quebec originally known as?

A

New France

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15
Q

Who sailed into Chaleur Bay and claimed land for France?

A

1534: Cartier

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16
Q

Who founded a fur trading post and became known as “The Father of New France”?

A

1608: Champlain

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17
Q

Who established Ville-Marie

A

1642: Maisonneuve
ville-marie later renamed Montreal

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18
Q

What happened on the Plains of Abraham?

A

British defeat French army, British then ruled QC for over 100 years until confederation

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19
Q

Why did QC agree to confederation

A

1867
-Union w/ 3 other colonies that would strengthen overall economy + protect against potential US annexation
- French was an official language of fed govt + freedom of religion was a right
- Provinces given control over education
- Working with Ontario, QC could influ fed politics + shape future of Canada as west continued to grow

20
Q

How is the QC economy divided?

A

into 2:
- highly populated core in south
- resource-based periphery in north

21
Q

How is QC economy diff from ON

A
  • growin szn in QC short, limiting agriculture
  • QC has much better natural conditions for hydroelectricity development
22
Q

What is QC’s leading export

A

Aircraft + parts produced by Bombardier Company

23
Q

How is the quaternary sector growing?

A

provincial govt invest heavily in research + development at universities in Montreal

24
Q

What are tourists attracted to in QC

A

historic past and francophone culture

25
Q

What are the treats to tourism?

A
  • canadian dollar fluctuation
  • global economic uncertainty
  • thickened US border
26
Q

What is hydro-quebec

A

Premier Jean Lesage came to power 1960 to purchase all private electrical utilities in province
- This created a monopoly to generate + distribute electricity within the province + for export

27
Q

What were the objectives of hydro-quebec

A

-stimulate economic growth through govt intervention
-undertake construction of massive hydroelectric projects in the Canadian Shield
-build high-voltage transmission lines to transport electricity
- sell power to northeastern states of US

28
Q

Were strategies of hydro-quebec successful?

A

yes
- massive revenue grenerated by hydro-quebec played a role in fueling quiet revolution whcih led to the spread of separatist views

29
Q

What are the expansions of Hydro-quebec

A

-long term goal of acquiring electrical utilities in New Brunswick + Nova Scotia
- Strategy to gain control of power grid in these provinces to achieve complete dominance of energy in the area along with a share of the market in NY state and 6 New England states

30
Q

What does hydroelectricity developments depend on?

A

Precipitation
Topography
access to markets

Precipitation abundant, support large, high volume rivers
-Variable topography, ensure steady flow of water for power plants
-High-voltage transmission lines connect plants in north to populated markets in south

31
Q

What are the advantages of Hydroelectric Development?

A

-renewable
- facilities have a long life span
- low operating cost
- job creation during construction
- no greenhouse gas emissions

32
Q

How has hydro-quebec improve QC economy

A

hydro-qc indirectly improved QC economy by attracting large-scale industrial development

33
Q

How can Hydro-qc offer energy to industrial firms at discounted cost

A

-Northern QC can produce vast amt of energy (more than province needs)
- Hydro-qc long term contract to buy power from Churchill Falls in Labrador at 1969 prices
- selling power, Hydro-qc is free to set own sale price w/o concern of competition

34
Q

What is the James Bay Project?

A

involved production of hydroelectricity from all 20 rivers that flow into James Bay from Quebec

35
Q

Why did the Indigenous Peoples (primarily Cree) oppose James Bay Project?

A

concerns:
- Flooding caused by dams
- loss of habitat for wildlife
- loss of timber
- chemicals in the reservoirs affected fish that were eaten by Cree and Inuit
- Impact on animal migration patterns + Indigenous hunting grounds

36
Q

What is Northern Quebec’s economy based on?

A

Mining + forestry

37
Q

What opportunities are growing in what location in Northern QC

A

Political opportunities in region of Nunavik

38
Q

what does Nunavik mean in Inuktitut

A

Great land

39
Q

What are they trying to establish in Nunavik?

A

Regional form of govt controlled entirely by Inuit

40
Q

QC is Canada’s leading producer of what

A

paper and newsprint, much of it is exported to US

41
Q

Why has demand for QC softwood lumber consistently higher than US softwood lumber

A

QC cold climate results in slower tree growth increasing strength of wood

42
Q

What ore is most commonly mined in QC

A

Iron ore

43
Q

What is the name of the city that merged 2 cities in 2002?

A

Saguenay

44
Q

What is Montreal name for?

A

Montreal is French for Royal Mountain

45
Q

What is Montreal to QC?

A

commercial, cultural + industrial center of QC
- serves major port+ trans-shipment point btwn Great Lakes + Atlantic Oceans

46
Q

What is teh capital Quebec city’s economy dependent on

A

provincial govt jobs + tourism

47
Q

What is the name of the scenic area of St. Lawrence River in Appalachian Uplands

A

Eastern Townships (Estrie)