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Intro to Ancient Rome > Terms for Exam 2 > Flashcards

Terms for Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Bucolics (Ecologues)

A

one of the first works of Virgil. A poem that describes life on a pasture (pastoral themes)

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2
Q

one of the first works of Virgil. A poem that describes life on a pasture (pastoral themes)

A

one of the first works of Virgil that describes the pleasures of farm life

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3
Q

Aeneid

A

Virgil was commissioned by emperor Augustus to write the Aeneid with two goals: “to imitate Homer” and “to praise Augustus beginning with his ancestors”

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4
Q

Marriage of Peleus and Thetis

A

forgot to invite Eris, the goddess of strife and dissonance–to the wedding. She shows up anyway and rolls an apple, “the apple of discord,” into the wedding party. Three goddesses–Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite–see the words “for the fairest” inscribed on the apple skin. This leads to an argument as to who is the fairest, which leads to the Judgement of Paris.

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5
Q

Judgement of Paris

A

Paris, a Trojan prince must choose one of the three and his judgment leads to the Trojan War–Aphrodite wins the contest and in exchange Paris gets the love of Helen, the most beautiful woman in the world, wife to Greek King Menelaus, brother of Agamemnon. This creates conflict, as Helen is already married. This love leads to the Abduction of Helen

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6
Q

Abduction of Helen

A

Paris steals away Helen from Greece to the citadel of his father Priam. The Sons of Atreus–Agamemnon and Menelaus–rally the Greeks to war and launch a thousand ships on the Aegean Sea to get Helen back. This starts the Trojan War.

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7
Q

Catalogue of Ships

A

epic catalogue (list of things) in Book 2 of the Iliad. Aeneas is mentioned in Book 2 of the Iliad as second only to Hector, Prince of Troy

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8
Q

Aristeia of Diomedes

A

Chapter in book 5 of Iliad. Aeneas is nearly killed, but is rescued by Venus and Apollo

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9
Q

Proem

A

This is a preface to a book. In particular, it is the preface to the Aeneid.

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10
Q

Invocation of the Muse

A

ll epic poems begin with a plea to a muse to inspire the poet. –“Muse, tell me why the Queen of Heaven was so aggrieve, her godhead so offended, that she forced a man of faultless devotion to endure so much hardship. Can there be anger so great in the hearts of gods on high?”

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11
Q

Causes of Juno’s Anger

A

Juno hates the Trojans: this is because of the Judgement of Paris (a Trojan), and the abduction of Ganymede by Jupiter. Additionally, she fears for the future of Rome, as it is prophesied that Rome will ultimately destroy Carthage in the Punic Wars; Carthage is her favorite city. Thus, she actively tries to prevent the founding of Rome.

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12
Q

Abduction of Ganymede

A

Jupiter made a Trojan boy, Ganymede, the cupbearer for the gods. This makes Juno angry, as she hates the Trojans.

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13
Q

In medias res

A

starting the the middle of the story

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14
Q

Pietas

A

As defined by Cicero, “that which urges us to carry out responsibility to country or parents or others related by blood.” As defined by Stanley Lombardo, “devoted (to my city’s gods). As defined by RG Austin, “duty, devoted service, responsibility, compassion, the full consciousness of what is due to others.”

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15
Q

Furor vs. Imperium

A

a major theme of the Aeneid. madness, chaos, and fury vs empire, command, and order.

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16
Q

Anthropomorphic gods

A

human form of gods and goddesses

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17
Q

Personifications

A

characteristics that Romans value, given human formed and worshipped

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18
Q

Nature deities

A

personification of natural things

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19
Q

Imported divinities

A

divinities from other places being adopted , result of early/later conquest, feature of polytheism

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20
Q

Olympian gods

A

most important and honored divinities

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21
Q

Other Olympians

A

Apollo / Phoebus, Diana, Mercury, Vulcan, Bacchus

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22
Q

Divine Epithets

A

specific function of god, aspect in which he/she is worshipped, i.e. Jupiter Capitolinus

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23
Q

Demigods

A

often viewed as heros, deified after death

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24
Q

Hercules, Romulus, Divine Julius Caesar

A

demigods

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25
Q

Fortuna

A

goddess of good fortune

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26
Q

Victoria

A

goddess of victory

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27
Q

genius loci

A

“spirits of the place”

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28
Q

evocatio

A

The “calling forth” or “summoning away” of a deity was an evocatio, from evoco, evocare, “summon.” The ritual was conducted in a military setting either as a threat during a siege or as a result of surrender, and aimed at diverting the favor of a tutelary diety from the opposing city to the Roman side, customarily with a promise of better-endowed cult or a more lavish temple

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29
Q

Quirinus

A

connected with deified Romulus

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30
Q

Pontifex Maximus

A

greatest preist

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31
Q

flamens

A

(15) associated with an individual god, have different responsiblities, 3 major are Jupier, Mars and Quirinus

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32
Q

Flamen Dialis

A

cult of Jupiter, abide by various rules, wore a (funny looking) hat called apex

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33
Q

apex

A

a (funny looking) hat worn by Flamen Dialis

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34
Q

College of Augurs

A

communication with gods, interpresting various signs, derived from Etruscans, 3 main types: flight & eating habits of birds, reading entrails, interpreting portents

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35
Q

Auguraculum

A

located on Capitoline

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36
Q

Pullarius

A

observed eating habits of scared chickens

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37
Q

Haruspex

A

reader of entrails

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38
Q

Bronze liver

A

divided into 40 sections for different gods, used by haruspex

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39
Q

Decemviri

A

type of priest, consulted during times of emergency, custodians of the Sibylline books, usually introduced new god or ceremony to fix problem

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40
Q

Fetial College

A

controlled international relations like declaring war and signing peace treaties

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41
Q

Lustratio

A

ritual purification of space, lead pig, sheep and bull around perimeter

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42
Q

suovetaurilia

A

scarfice of pig, sheep nad bull

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43
Q

Temple of Castor and Pollux

A

greek heros

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44
Q

Temple of Concord

A

personified goddess, commemorate reconciliaton between patricians and plebs

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45
Q

Thrace

A

former allies of Troy

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46
Q

Polydorus

A

Youngest son of Priam, entrusted with Thrace. Killed during Fall of Troy by Thracians.

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47
Q

Aeneadae

A

The first city that Aeneas builds and tries to create in the image of Troy. Portent: “black blood that clotted on the ground”

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48
Q

Delos

A

Birthplace and Cult Center of Apollo, God of Prophecy.

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49
Q

Apollo’s prophecy

A

Tells Aeneas to go back to the land where his ancestors came from.

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50
Q

Anchises

A

Father of Aeneas by Venus. He escaped Troy on the shoulders of Aeneas.

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51
Q

Teucer

A

Early Trojan ancestor, originally from Crete

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52
Q

Crete

A

Island in the Aegean Sea south of Greece. Aeneas landed here when searching for his destined land.

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53
Q

Pergamum

A

Aeneas builds this city with Greek style. Plague broke out.

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54
Q

Penates

A

Appear to Aeneas in a dream during plague in Pergamum. Tell him to seek Italy.

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55
Q

Dardanus

A

Trojan ancestor. Born in Pergamum.

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56
Q

Strophades

A

Islands in the Ionian Sea, home of the harpies.

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57
Q

Harpies

A

Monsters with a bird’s body and a woman’s head.

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58
Q

Celaeno

A

Chief of the Harpies.

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59
Q

Ithaca

A

home of Ulysses (Odysseus)

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60
Q

Leucate

A

Region of actium. Ulysses spends winter month

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61
Q

Actium

A

A promontory in northwestern Greece near which Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra in 31 B.C.E.

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62
Q

Buthrotum

A

example of a city Aeneas is not suppose to found/create. Built in the image of Troy. Only possible through the aid of a Greek.

63
Q

Helenus

A

Son of Priam. Trojan Seer. Slave to Pyrrhus/Neoptolemus.

64
Q

Andromache

A

Wife of Hector. Slave to Pyrrhus/Neoptolemus.

65
Q

Hector

A

Eldest son of Priam. Husband of Andromache. Leader of the Trojan army at Troy in Homer’s Iliad; killed by Achilles.

66
Q

Pyrrhus/Neoptolemus

A

Married the daughter of Helen. Killed by Orestes.

67
Q

Simois

A

Most important river right outside of Troy.

68
Q

Xanthus

A

River near Troy.

69
Q

Scylla and Charybdis

A

Two monsters; one is snake-like and the other is a whirlpool.

70
Q

Sibyl

A

Prophetess at Cumae in Italy. Aeneas consulted her about entering the Underworld.

71
Q

Cyclops

A

Race of giants living in Sicily who have only one eye each. The workers of Vulcan.

72
Q

Blinding of Polyphemus

A

Famous scene in the Odyssey. Cyclops finds Greeks eating his cheese; he incarcarates them to eat later. Odysseus gets cyclop drunk, blinds him, and he escapes with his men.

73
Q

Achaemenides

A

Character invented by Vergil. Abandoned by Ulysses. Joins Aeneas men.

74
Q

Death of Anchises

A

Aeneas’ last connection to his past.

75
Q

Dido

A

Queen of Carthage

76
Q

Paterfamilias

A

father of family

77
Q

Pater potestas

A

“paternal power”

78
Q

Matrona

A

mother/ wife of family

79
Q

manus marriage-

A

‘hand’ marriage, woman handed from father to husband

80
Q

coemptio

A

wife is bought by husband

81
Q

usus

A

live together for one year

82
Q

sine manu

A

free marriage, women maintain rights and property

83
Q

puer

A

roman boy

84
Q

bulla

A

necklace worn to protect goy

85
Q

puella

A

roman girl

86
Q

paedagogus

A

preliminary education in Latin and Greek

87
Q

litterator

A

reading, writing and arithmetic

88
Q

grammaticus

A

focus on literature, esp Homer and Virgil

89
Q

orator

A

public speaking

90
Q

ludus

A

school

91
Q

peculium

A

fund to purchase one’s freedom

92
Q

libertinus

A

slave who gained his freedom

93
Q

ingenuus

A

slave who is given his freedom

94
Q

Taberna

A

shops

95
Q

Fauces/Vestibulum

A

entryway

96
Q

Atrium

A

main room

97
Q

Impluvium

A

outdoor part in middle usually, drainage

98
Q

Tablinum

A

home office

99
Q

Triclinium

A

dining room

100
Q

Hortus

A

garden

101
Q

Cubiculum

A

bedroom

102
Q

Garum

A

fish sauce

103
Q

Pederasty

A

relationship between man and boy

104
Q

meretrix

A

female prostitute

105
Q

puticuli

A

poorest, open pits outside city

106
Q

ludi

A

“games”

107
Q

munera

A

“gifts

108
Q

lanista

A

trainer for Gladiator schools

109
Q

retiarius

A

gladiator who used loincloth, net with weights, and a trident

110
Q

secutor

A

gladiator who was heavy armed, used large shield

111
Q

Amphitheatre

A

“double theater” (looks like two theaters facing eachother)

112
Q

Arena

A

oval area in the center

113
Q

Cavea

A

seating area

114
Q

Flavian Amphitheatre/Colosseum

A

four story arena, completed by Titus. Built over portion of Nero’s Domus Aurea. Symbolizes giving back to rome what Nero took away from them.

115
Q

Chariot Racing

A

Most popular form of entertainment

116
Q

Circus Maximus

A

Venue for chariot racing.

117
Q

Jupiter Capitolinus

A

divine epithet of Jupiter; worshiped as “Capitol,” prophecy of the permanence of Rome

118
Q

Mars Ultor

A

divine epithet of Mars; religious cult created by Augustus to worship “Ultor” avenging spirit/ war spirit

119
Q

Venus Genetrix-

A

divine epithet of Venus; worshiped as “genertrix” (mother)

120
Q

River Tiber

A

central river which flows through Rome to the sea; has religious significance in Roman history

121
Q

collegia

A

literally “college” of priests who worked on specific issues (similar to Roman Catholic College of Cardinals)

122
Q

Temple to Divine Julius Caesar

A

built in Roman Forum in honor of assassination of Julius Caesar. 42 BC: decree to build temple and institute cult and priesthood of Divine Julius Caesar

123
Q

pudicitia

A

“modesty” or “sexual virtue” principle expected to be exercised by Roman women of high class/aristocracy

124
Q

Talassio

A

a god invoked at ancient Roman weddings, the term ‘Talassio’ was used when the bride entered her new house

125
Q

toga praetexta

A

toga worn by free Roman boys- symbolizes sexual purity and potential to become magistrate/priest

126
Q

paedagogus

A

preliminary education in Latin and Greek

127
Q

litterator

A

reading, writing and arithmetic

128
Q

grammaticus

A

focus on literature, esp Homer and Virgil

129
Q

rhetor

A

orator- public speaking

130
Q

Manumission

A

act of an owner freeing their slaves; often occurred upon owner’s death

131
Q

Freedmen

A

citizens of Rome, of low social status but could become wealthy

132
Q

meretrix

A

female prostitute

133
Q

Suburban Baths at Pompeii

A

often built by emperor for the public; had hot and cold pools, exercise space, and imperial baths

134
Q

pomerium

A

sacred boundary of Rome, cemeteries located outside of the pomerium

135
Q

prothesis

A

body lying in state

136
Q

pompa funebris

A

funeral procession

137
Q

laudatio funebris

A

eulogy

138
Q

collegium

A

musicians

139
Q

Via Appia

A

one of Rome’s earliest roads. Goes from Rome to Brundisi, and lined with funerary monuments of Rome’s prominent families.

140
Q

libertus

A

freedman

141
Q

pistor

A

baker

142
Q

columbaria

A

mausoleums

143
Q

puticuli

A

poorest, open pits outside city

144
Q

ludi

A

“games”

145
Q

munera

A

“gifts

146
Q

lanista

A

trainer for Gladiator schools

147
Q

retiarius

A

gladiator who used loincloth, net with weights, and a trident

148
Q

secutor

A

gladiator who was heavy armed, used large shield

149
Q

Flavian Amphitheatre/Colosseum

A

four story arena, completed by Titus. Built over portion of Nero’s Domus Aurea. Symbolizes giving back to rome what Nero took away from them.

150
Q

biga

A

two-horses chariot racing

151
Q

quadriga

A

four-horses chariot racing

152
Q

venatione

A

beast hunt

153
Q

bestiarius

A

man who hunted animals during venatione

Intro to Ancient Rome (15 decks)

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