Terms - Excretory system

Question 1

Osmoregulation

Answer 1

maintenance of osmotic pressure of fluids by control of water and salt concentrations

Question 2

Marine fish - Excretory

Answer 2

this body is hypotonic
to the environment → water is constantly lost by osmosis, so these fish are constantly drinking water, rarely urinating, and secreting
accumulated salts through gills

Question 3

Fresh water fish - excretory

Answer 3

body is hypertonic to the environment → water moves in, so the fish are rarely
drinking water, constantly urinating, and absorbing salt though gills

Question 4

Protozoans and Cnidarians -Excretion

Answer 4

all cells are in contact with external, aqueous environment
- Have water soluble wastes (ammonia, CO2) that exit via simple diffusion
- Protists such as Paramecium and Amoebas possess contractile
vacuoles for excess H2O excretion via active transport

Question 5

Annelids

Answer 5

• excrete CO2 directly through moist skin

Question 6

Nephridia (metanephridia)

Answer 6

functional unit of excretion that occur in pairs within each segment of annelids (earthworms).
- Interstitial fluids enter a
nephridium through a ciliated
opening called a nephrostome and concentrate through a
collecting tubule due to selective secretion into surrounding coelomic fluid. Blood that surrounds the tubule reabsorbs the fluid. Water, salts, and urea
are excreted through an excretory pore.

Question 7

Platyhelminthes

Answer 7

possess flame cells/
flame bulbs, which are bundles of flame cells that combine to form
protonephridia; they are distributed along a branched tube system that permeates the flatworm

Question 8

Arthropods

Answer 8

CO2 is released from
tissue via trachea, which lead to the external air via spiracles

Question 9

Malpighian tubules

Answer 9

• found in most terrestrial arthropods and are
  tubules that attach at the junction between the midgut and the hindgut.
• They collect body fluids from the hemolymph that bathes the cells. The fluids are deposited at the junction of the midgut and hindgut
• Fluids include nitrogenous
  wastes including uric acid
  crystals (formed from water and retained salts). As fluids pass through the hindgut, retained materials pass out of walls and wastes continue down the tract for excretion through the anus

Question 10

Lungs - excretion process

Answer 10

CO2 and H2O (gas) diffuse from the blood and are continually exhaled

Question 11

Liver -Excretion process

Answer 11

largest internal organ that
processes nitrogenous wastes, blood pigment wastes, other chemicals,
produces urea via the urea cycle

Question 12

Skin

Answer 12

sweat glands in the skin excrete water and dissolved salts to regulate body temperature
- Is the largest organ overall
- Sweat gland function decreases as we age

Question 13

Kidney

Answer 13

has three regions:
- The outer cortex
- Inner medulla
- Renal pelvis which drains to the ureter
- Each kidney has many nephrons, the functional unit of the kidney.
- Excrete waste via the path - kidneys → ureter → bladder → urethra

Question 14

Renal corpuscle

Answer 14

contains the glomerulus, which acts as a sieve, and
Bowman’s capsule, which encloses the glomerulus. Bowman’s capsule also
contains two arterioles: an afferent arteriole that leads into the glomerulus, and an efferent arteriole that leads out of the glomerulus

Question 15

Renal tubule

Answer 15

contains:
- Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
- Loop of Henle