Terms and definitions Flashcards
Entitlement Programs
If you meet certain conditions you are entitled to income from the government
TCJA
Tax Cuts and Job Act - new tax law changes that effect 2018 +
- most personal tax changes expire 2025
- most business tax changes are permanent
tax incidence
person economically responsible for the tax - may not be the person responsible for paying the tax
Marginal Tax Rate (MTR)
tax rate that applies to the next additional increment of the TPs taxable income
Gross Income (GI)
All income from whatever source deprived except as otherwise provided
Adjusted Gross Income (AGI)
Gross Income - deductions
* used as a baseline for many phase outs*
Alimony
- transfer of assets between spouse under a separation agreement/divorce decree
- must end at spouses death to be considered alimony
Annuity
A financial instrument the TP buys that pays a set amount every month/year until the death of the TP
Basis
tax free return of capital and usually calculated as cost with certain adjustments
Deduction
An expense that congress allows you to use to lower your taxable income
Dependent
A qualifying child or qualifying relative claimed on the tax return that entitles the TP to certain benefits
Discharge of indebtedness
A debtor either forgiving or reducing the amount a taxpayer owes them
Effective Tax Rate
TPs average rate of taxation on each dollar of total income
Total Tax Liablity/Taxable income + Nontaxable income
Employment Tax
payroll tax formally known as the FICA tax
Excise tax
tax per unit (ie: gas tax = tax/gallon)