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Licensure Exam! > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Anemia

A

A condition in which the body does not have enough RBC to carry adequate O2 to the body’s tissues

Can make the person feel fatigued and weak

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2
Q

Apophysis &

Apophysitis

A

Apophysis: a natural protuberance from a bone (i.e. tuberosity); functions as a muscle attachment site; site is highly susceptible to injury from repetitive stress or an acute injury

Apophysitis: inflammation of an apophysis

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3
Q

Asthenia

A

Generalized weakness, typically associated with cerebellar pathology

  • if your a$$ gets too theeen, your muscles will feel weak?? =D
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4
Q

Fremitus

A

Vibratory tremors that can be felt through the chest by palpation
- While the pt is speaking, palpate chest from one side to the other

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5
Q

Serous

A

Thin, watery fluid; clear and benign (so no infection)

think of the “serous fluid” that comes out after you’ve removed pus from a zit.

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6
Q

Dysmetria

Dys:
1.
diseased, abnormal, or faulty: dysentery, dyslexia
2.
difficult or painful: dysuria
3.
unfavourable or bad: dyslogistic
A

Inability to control the range of movement and force of muscular activity;

Refers to a lack of coordination of movement typified by the undershoot or overshoot of intended position with the hand, arm, leg, or eye. It is a type of ataxia. It is sometimes described as an inability to judge distance or scale

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7
Q

Hypertonia

A

A condition marked by an abnormal increase in muscle tension and a reduced ability of a muscle to stretch. It is caused by injury to motor pathways in the central nervous system, which carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles and control posture, muscle tone, and reflexes.

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8
Q

Ataxia

“it is very energy taxing to move in an uncoordinated manor”

A

Uncoordinated movement that manifests when voluntary movements are attempted; may influence gait, posture, and patterns of movement

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9
Q

Nystagmus

A

Rhythmic, oscillating motions of the eyes; Generally involuntary
- Can result in balance deficits

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10
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

An abnormally increased number of platelets in the blood;

platelets help the blood clot and therefore this condition may result in complications such as stroke, MI, DVT, etc

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11
Q

Leukopenia

A

An abnormally low number of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the blood

  • Can be a result of chemotherapy
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12
Q

Polycythemia
poly= many
cyth= cell
emia= blood

A

A condition characterized by an abnormally high number of red blood cells in the blood

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13
Q

Hypernatremia
hyper = excessive, above
na = sodium
emia = blood

A

Excessive level of sodium in the blood

- Primary Sx is thirst.

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14
Q

Hypercalcemia
hyper = excessive
ca = calcium
emia = blood

A

Excessive level of calcium in the blood

- Condition most commonly associated with hyperparathyroidism since excessive parathyroid hormone raises the level

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15
Q

Hyperkalemia
hyper = excessive
K = potassium
emia = blood

A

Excessive level of potassium in the blood
- Can result in significant hemodynamic and neurological consequences as wall as respiratory paralysis or cardiac arrest; Sx are related to abnormalities in muscular or cardiac function

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16
Q

Hypermagnesemia
hyper = excessive
magnes = magnesium
emia = blood

A

Excessive level of magnesium in the blood

- Often caused by renal failure and Sx include hypotension and respiratory depression

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17
Q

Aphasia

A

Communication disorder caused by brain damage and characterized by an impairment of language comprehension, formulation, and use;
Several types!

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18
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

Inability to perform rapid alternating movements such as flexion/extension, pronation/supination

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19
Q

Stereognosis

A

Identify an object without sight

20
Q

Graphesthesia
graph= graphic
esthesia = skin, feeling, sensibility

A

identify a number/letter drawn on the skin without visual input

21
Q

Kinesthesia
kine = kinetic movement
esthesia = skin, feeling, sensibility

A

Ability to identify direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part

22
Q

Barognosis

baro = pressure/weight

A

Perceive the weight of different objects in the hand

23
Q

Localization

A

Ability to identify the exact location of light touch on the body using verbal response or gesturing

24
Q

List 4 Types of Aphasia and briefly explain each.

Bonus points if you can name the 2 extra terms for aphasia. =)

A
  1. Broca’s aphasia (Nonfluent aphasia)
    • “Expressive aphasia”: pts have trouble speaking fluently but their comprehension can be relatively preserved
    • People with this disorder struggle to get words out, speak in very short sentences and omit words.
  2. Wernicke’s aphasia (Fluent aphasia)
    • “Receptive aphasia”: characterized by impaired ability to understand spoken or written words
    • People may speak fluently in long, complex sentences that don’t make sense or include unrecognizable, incorrect or unnecessary words
  3. Global aphasia
    • Severe form of nonfluent aphasia that affects both receptive and expressive language skills
  4. Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA)
    • Unlike other forms of aphasia resulting from stroke or traumatic brain injury, PPA is a degenerative brain condition resulting from deterioration of brain tissue affecting areas of the brain that are important for speech and language
    • Language capabilities become slowly and progressively impaired, while other mental functions remain preserved

Omg, I have this…

25
Q

Apraxia

A

A neurological condition characterized by loss of the ability to perform activities that a person is physically able and willing to do.
- The brain damage affects the brain’s ability to correctly signal instructions to the body.

(Pt has strength, coordination, sensation WNL, etc)

26
Q

Name and describe 3 types of apraxia we discussed in class.

A
  1. Ideational apraxia
    - individual is unable to formulate a plan of movement and does not know the proper use of an object because of a lack of perception of its purpose. There is no loss of motor movement or strength, but the reason for the movement is confused.
    - pt no longer understands the overall concept of the task so they have the physical strength and coordination to do the task, they just can’t understand the “idea” behind the movement
  2. Ideomotor apraxia
    - inability to perform a motor act on command and to imitate gestures, even though the pt understands the concept of the task and is able to carry out habitual tasks automatically
    - ie. If you leave the tooth brush and tooth paste out, pt will use it appropriately automatically but if you ask them to brush their teeth, they won’t know how to do it
  3. Constructional apraxia
    - Patient’s inability to reproduce geometric designs and figures; an impairment in activities such as building, assembling, and drawing
27
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of spontaneous breathing

28
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal rate and depth of breathing

29
Q

Tachypnea

A

Faster than normal respiratory rate

>20 breaths/min for adults

30
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slower than normal respiratory rate

depends on the age of the pt

31
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Increased rate and depth of breathing

32
Q

Hypopnea

A

Decreased rate and depth of breathing

33
Q

Cheyenne-Stokes (breathing pattern)

A

Decreasing rate and depth of breathing with periods of apnea; can occur due to CNS damage

34
Q

Biot’s (Breathing pattern)

A

Irregular breathing; breaths vary in rate and depth with periods of apnea; often associated with increased intracranial pressure or damage to the medulla

35
Q

Akinesia
A = w/o
kine = kinetic movement

A

Inability to initiate movement;

Common in Parkinson’s

36
Q

Athetosis

A

Condition that presents with involuntary movements combined with instability of posture. Peripheral movements occur without central stability

37
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Movement that is very slow

38
Q

Chorea

A

Movements that are sudden, random, and involutary

common w/ Huntingtons disease

39
Q

Clonus

A

Characteristic of UMNL; involuntary alternating spasmodic contraction of a muscle precipitated by a quick stretch reflex

40
Q

Dysarthria

A

Motor disorder of speech that is caused by an UMNL that affects the muscles that are used to articulate words and sounds; speech often noted as “slurred” and there may be an effect on respiration or phonatory (sound production) system due to weakness

41
Q

Atelectasis

A

Complete or partial collapse of a lung or lobe of a lung

42
Q

Perseveration

A

The repetition of a particular response, such as a word, phrase, or gesture, despite the absence or cessation of a stimulus, usually caused by brain injury

43
Q

Ankylosis

A

Fusion/stiffening of the joints.
Fibrosed= hardening “Bamboo spine”
Vertebral joints become immobile.

Tx: focus on mobility and EXTENSION bias.

44
Q

Warrant

A

Justify or Necessitate

45
Q

Duty cycle

A

On time/total time
*Total time is = on + off times
then change to % by x(100)

46
Q

Talipes Equinovarus

aka: Clubfoot

A

The foot and ankle are held in PF and inversion w/ abd & inv of the subtalar & midtarsal jt’s.

47
Q

Syndactyly

aka: webbed toes/fingers

A

Most common congenital malformation of the limbs.

Happens during the 6-8 weeks gestation point where digits of the extremities fail to separate.

Licensure Exam! (5 decks)

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