Neuro Flashcards
Cranial Nerves: Sensory/Motor/Both
“Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter More”
I. Sensory II. Sensory III. Motor IV. Motor V. Both VI. Motor VII. Both VIII. Sensory IX. Both X. Both XI. Motor XII. Motor
Cranial Nerves: Testing
Name the cranial nerve and how it’s tested.
I. Olfactory
Test: Smelling odors
II. Optic
Test: Visual field (eye chart test)
III. Oculomotor
Test: Up, Down, Medial gaze
IV. Trochlear
Test: Down, Lateral gaze
V. Trigeminal
Test: Face sensation (sharp? or dull?); move mandible lat. deviation, protrusion/retrusion
VI. Abducens
Test: Lateral gaze
VII. Facial
Test: Taste (sweet? or salty?); mimic facial expression
VIII. Vestibulocochlear
Test: Hearing Test
IX. Glossopharyngeal
Test: Gag reflex; Distinguishing between tastes (bitter/sour - this is the skittles test)
X. Vagus
Test: Gag reflex
XI. Accessory
Test: Resisted shoulder shrug
XII. Hypoglossal
Test: Tongue protrusion :0P
(does the tongue deviate to one side?)
LEFT and RIGHT Hemisphere Specialization
LEFT HEMISPHERE
3 L's: Love, Logic, Language
Math calculations
Positive emotions (love/happiness)
Analytical
Written and verbal communication
Sequence and perform movements.
RIGHT HEMISPHERE
Artistic Ability (you totally have this! :0P Hehe)
Spatial relationships
Hand-eye coordination
Kinesthetic awareness
Express negative emotions
Nonverbal processing
Brunstrom Stages of Recovery
Stages 1-7
- Stage 1: No voluntary movement initiated. (Flaccidity)
- Stage 2: Beginning of spasticity w/ the appearance of limb synergy.
- Stage 3: Spasticity increases & the synergies are performed voluntarily.
- Stage 4: Spasticity starts to decrease. Movements are not dictated solely by the synergy.
- Stage 5: Spasticity further decreases & the movements become independent of the synergy. (movement synergies are less dominant).
- Stage 6: Joint movements are preformed with coordination. (isolated and combination movements are evident. Coordination deficits are present w/ rapid movements).
Stage 7: Normal motor function.
Think of hiking a peak, as you hike up it is getting harder the steeper it gets. Then you reach the peak, and it gets easier as you come down. Stage 4 is the middle of the stages or “top of the peak” where you have reached the climax of spasticity and now decreasing
pg 165 scorebuilders
pg 305 neuro book
Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
Description?
Normal Age of Response?
What does it interfere with?
*ATNR (Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex) Asymmetric-w/o symmetry. Head is turned to one side R/L. Arm & leg on face side are extended, arm & leg on scalp side are flexed & spine curved w/ convexity toward face side.
(BIRTH - 6 MONTHS).
Interferes with:
Feeding, visual tracking, midline of hands, bilat hand use, rolling, development of crawling, leading to skeletal deformity (scoliosis, hip subluxation, hips dislocation)
Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
Description?
Normal Age of Response?
What does it interfere with?
*STNR (Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex) Symmetric - w/ symmetry. Head position, flexed or extended. When head is flexed, arms are flexed, & legs extended. When head is extended arms are extended, & legs flexed.
(6 - 8 MONTHS).
Interferes with:
Ability to prop on arms in prone, attaining and maintaining hands-and-knees position, crawling reciprocally, sitting balance when looking around, use of hands when looking at an object in hands in sitting
Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
Description?
Normal Age of Response?
What does it interfere with?
*TLR (Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex) Position of labyrinth in inner ear- reflected in head position. Supine position = body and extremities are held in extension. Prone position = body and extremities are held in flexion.
(BIRTH - 6 MONTHS)
Interferes with:
Ability to initiate rolling, ability to prop on elbow with extended hips when prone, ability to flex trunk and hips to come to sitting position from supine, often causes full body extension which interferes with balance in sitting/standing
Galant Reflex
Description?
Normal Age of Response?
What does it interfere with?
Touch to skin along spine from shoulders to hip.
Lateral flexion of trunk to side of stimulus.
(30 WEEKS GESTATION - 2 MONTHS)
Interferes with:
Development of sitting balance, can lead to scoliosis
Palmar Grasp
Description?
Normal Age of Response?
What does it interfere with?
Pressure in palm on ulnar side of hand.
Flexion of fingers causing strong grip.
(BIRTH TO 4 MONTHS)
Interferes with:
Ability to grasp and release objects voluntarily, weight bearing on open hand for propping, crawling, protective responses
Plantar Grasp
Description?
Normal Age of Response?
What does it interfere with?
Pressure to base of toes.
Toe flexion.
(28 WEEKS GESTATION - 9 MONTHS)
Interferes with:
Ability to stand with feet flat on surface, balance reactions and weight shifting in standing
Rooting Reflex
Description?
Normal Age of Response?
What does it interfere with?
Touch on cheek.
Turning head to same side with mouth open
(28 WEEKS GESTATION - 3 MONTHS)
Interferes with:
Oral-motor development, development of midline control of head, optical righting, visual tracking, and social interaction
Moro Reflex
Description?
Normal Age of Response?
What does it interfere with?
Head dropping into extension suddenly for a few inches.
Arms ABD with fingers open, then cross trunk into ADD; cry
(28 WEEKS GESTATION - 5 MONTHS)
Interferes with:
Balance reactions in sitting, protective responses in sitting, eye-hand coordination, visual tracking
Startle Reflex
Description?
Normal Age of Response?
What does it interfere with?
Loud, sudden noise.
Similar to moro response but elbows remain flexed and hands closed.
(28 WEEKS GESTATION - 5 MONTHS)
Interferes with:
Sitting balance, protective responses in sitting, eye-hand coordination, visual tracking, social interaction, attention
Positive Support Reflex
Description?
Normal Age of Response?
What does it interfere with?
Weight placed on balls of feet when upright.
Stiffening of legs and trunk into extension
(35 WEEKS GESTATION - 2 MONTHS)
Interferes with:
Standing and walking, balance reactions and weight shifting in standing, can lead to contractors of ankles into plantar flexion
Walking/Stepping Reflex
Description?
Normal Age of Response?
What does it interfere with?
Supported upright position with soles of feet on firm surface.
Reciprocal flexion/extension of legs
(38 WEEKS GESTATION - 2 MONTHS)
Interferes with:
Standing and walking, balance reactions and weight shifting in standing, development of smooth, coordinated reciprocal movements of LE’s
