Terms

Question 1

Clusters

Answer 1

group of adjacent notes played simultaneously. Dissonant sound

Question 2

Hammered

Answer 2

played with force

Question 3

8ve

Answer 3

played an octave higher/lower if above/below stave

Question 4

Telescoping

Answer 4

fragments of melody combined

Question 5

Counterpoint

Answer 5

combing two+ melodies simultaneously

Question 6

Polymetry

Answer 6

two different metres simultaneously

Question 7

Splicing

Answer 7

reducing interval distance

Question 8

Wedging

Answer 8

increasing interval distance

Question 9

Diminution

Answer 9

shortening note values

Question 10

Augmentation

Answer 10

lengthen note values

Question 11

Retrograde

Answer 11

melodic line rewrote and performed in reverse

Question 12

Inversion

Answer 12

turning melody upside down

Question 13

Canon

Answer 13

melody imitated by another part at a a fixed distance and interval. Parts overlap to create polyphony

Question 14

Detaché

Answer 14

seperate bow movement for each note

Question 15

Open string

Answer 15

when string is not played with a finger across it on finger board

Question 16

Double stopping

Answer 16

two notes played simultaneously on string instrument

Question 17

Harmonics

Answer 17

overtones creating light whistling sound. Played on string by placing finger lightly on string. Indicated by circle or diamond note

Question 18

Flautendo

Answer 18

playing over fingerboard instead of close to the bridge. Creates flute-like sound

Question 19

Senza vibrato

Answer 19

without using vibrato

Question 20

Vibrato

Answer 20

shaking finger that holds string to create rapid fluctuations in pitch

Question 21

Basso Continuo

Answer 21

single-line part for keyboard and a bass instrument(violone/cello/bassoon) with figured bass written underneath

Question 22

Melisma

Answer 22

multiple notes for a single syllable usually to draw attention to that word

Question 23

Cantata

Answer 23

multi-movement work composed for vocalists with orchestral accompaniment

Question 24

Chorale

Answer 24

german hymn tune sung by members of congregation at Lutheran services therefore have generally simple melodies

Question 25

Ritornello

Answer 25

form with a recurring theme between new sections of material called episodes. The theme can be brought back in different keys or in fragments

Question 26

Rondo

Answer 26

form with a recurring theme that is always played in the exact same way each time it returns. Between the themes there is new material called fragments

Question 27

Sonata

Answer 27

structure of three main sections which are the exposition + development + recapitulation. May also have an introduction at the start and a Coda at the end

Question 28

Aria

Answer 28

elaborate vocal piece typically performed by soloist. Feature ornamentation and melisma.

Question 29

Recitative

Answer 29

speech-like syllabic vocal music. It uses syllabic settings of words to melody.

Question 30

Syllabic settings of words to melody

Answer 30

each syllable in the text gets one note

Question 31

Chaconne

Answer 31

form involving a short repeating bass-line ostinato/ground bass which outlines harmonies that continue throughout piece. While Upper parts change and develop

Question 32

Passacaglia

Answer 32

like chaconne but ground bass moves from lower parts to upper parts

Question 33

Word painting

Answer 33

depicting text through music

Question 34

Imitation

Answer 34

restatement of a motif or phrase by a different part usually a few beats after it was first heard with altered pitch

Question 35

Dactyl

Answer 35

metre of a long syllable and two short ones

Question 36

Tierce de picardie

Answer 36

raising third of a minor chord by a semitone to create the sense of a major ending at the close of a piece

Question 37

Obbligato

Answer 37

an instrumental line that is essential to a piece and is almost as important as solo line

Question 38

Concerto

Answer 38

soloist/small group of soloists accompanied by a larger orchestral group

Question 39

Virtuosity

Answer 39

display of exceptional technical musical ability

Question 40

Programme music

Answer 40

instrumental music that is intended to depict a story or evoke an emotion or image.