Terminology (Lecture 2)

Question 1

Head is _____ to the chest

The knee is ____ to the hip

Answer 1

Superior

Inferior

Question 2

The shoulder is __ to the wrist

The fingers are ___ to the wrist

Answer 2

Proximal

Distal

Question 3

The eyes are ___ to the ears

The hand is ___ to the spine

Answer 3

Medial

Lateral

Question 4

The thigh bone is ____ to the muscle

The skin is ___ to the bone

Answer 4

Deep

Superficial

Question 5

What does superior and Inferior mean?

Answer 5

S= At a higher level 
I= At a lower level

Question 6

What does medial and lateral mean?

Answer 6

M= Towards the midline 
L= Away from the midline

Question 7

What does proximal and Distal mean?

Answer 7

P= Towards the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk 
D= Away from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk.

Question 8

What does Cephalic and Caudal mean?

Answer 8

Cephalic - towards the head

Caudal- towards the tail

Question 9

Describe the planes of Sagittal

Answer 9

Divides the body into left and right planes. Can also be called a mid sagittal/ median plane when planes are mirror images of one another.

Question 10

Describe the planes of Coronal

Answer 10

Divides the body into front and back sections

Question 11

Describe the planes of Transverse

Answer 11

Divides the body into top and bottom sections

Question 12

What is lateral and medial rotation

Answer 12

Lateral is external rotation

Medial is internal rotation

Question 13

When the palm faces posterior (down) and anterior (up) what is this called.

Answer 13

Anterior=supination

Posterior = pronation

Question 14

what is inversion and eversion

Answer 14

Inversion= sole of foot faces towards midline 
Eversion = sole of foot turns away from midline.

Question 15

What planes of movement occur in sagittal:

Answer 15

Flexion, Extension, planter flexion and dorsiflexion. (back and forward movements).

Question 16

What planes of movement occur in coronal:

Answer 16

Abduction, adduction, inversion and eversion

Side to side movements.

Question 17

What planes of movement occur in transverse:

Answer 17

pronation and supination (rotation movements).

Question 18

What is the front surface/ belly side called?

Answer 18

Anterior/ Ventral

Question 19

What is the back surface called?

Answer 19

Posterior/ Dorsal

Question 20

What are the controlled variables of Homeostasis?

Answer 20

Temperature,
Ion concentration
Blood sugar levels 
Fluid balance 
All these mechanisms do not change much from the set point which is 'normal'.

Question 21

What is feedback for homeostasis

Answer 21

Is when the controlled variable moves too far from the set point and the body will respond to get the body variable back to ‘normal’. i.e. If you get cold, your body will shiver to produce heat.

Question 22

What is feedforward in homeostasis?

Answer 22

If you are anticipating an event to happen you will alter a controlled variable so you can consciously (or non-consciously) do something to minimize the effect. i.e. put a rain-jacket on if it is raining.