Terminology (Lecture 2) Flashcards
Head is _____ to the chest
The knee is ____ to the hip
Superior
Inferior
The shoulder is __ to the wrist
The fingers are ___ to the wrist
Proximal
Distal
The eyes are ___ to the ears
The hand is ___ to the spine
Medial
Lateral
The thigh bone is ____ to the muscle
The skin is ___ to the bone
Deep
Superficial
What does superior and Inferior mean?
S= At a higher level I= At a lower level
What does medial and lateral mean?
M= Towards the midline L= Away from the midline
What does proximal and Distal mean?
P= Towards the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk D= Away from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk.
What does Cephalic and Caudal mean?
Cephalic - towards the head
Caudal- towards the tail
Describe the planes of Sagittal
Divides the body into left and right planes. Can also be called a mid sagittal/ median plane when planes are mirror images of one another.
Describe the planes of Coronal
Divides the body into front and back sections
Describe the planes of Transverse
Divides the body into top and bottom sections
What is lateral and medial rotation
Lateral is external rotation
Medial is internal rotation
When the palm faces posterior (down) and anterior (up) what is this called.
Anterior=supination
Posterior = pronation
what is inversion and eversion
Inversion= sole of foot faces towards midline Eversion = sole of foot turns away from midline.
What planes of movement occur in sagittal:
Flexion, Extension, planter flexion and dorsiflexion. (back and forward movements).
What planes of movement occur in coronal:
Abduction, adduction, inversion and eversion
Side to side movements.
What planes of movement occur in transverse:
pronation and supination (rotation movements).
What is the front surface/ belly side called?
Anterior/ Ventral
What is the back surface called?
Posterior/ Dorsal
What are the controlled variables of Homeostasis?
Temperature, Ion concentration Blood sugar levels Fluid balance All these mechanisms do not change much from the set point which is 'normal'.
What is feedback for homeostasis
Is when the controlled variable moves too far from the set point and the body will respond to get the body variable back to ‘normal’. i.e. If you get cold, your body will shiver to produce heat.
What is feedforward in homeostasis?
If you are anticipating an event to happen you will alter a controlled variable so you can consciously (or non-consciously) do something to minimize the effect. i.e. put a rain-jacket on if it is raining.
