Revision Flashcards
What is hyaline cartilage and what is it used for?
Watery content in matrix, resist compression smooth frictionless surface. (found at bone ends where articulation occurs).
What is fibrocartilage and where is it found?
Aligns with stress, resist compression and tension. (found at articulation points where they experience compression and tension).
What are the three different joints?
Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
What is the tissue in each of the three joints
Fibrous- DFCT
Cartilaginous- Fibrocartilage tissue
Synovial- hyaline cartilage etc. (more complex)
What is needed for a synovial joint?
Bone ends (articulation points) , Hyaline cartilage (smooth frictionless movement), joint capsule, joint cavity, synovial membrane and ligaments.
How is the synovial joint have more movement than the other two joints?
Synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid to provide lubrication between bone articulations, creating frictionless movement between bones.
what are the two types of Ligaments
Capsular ligament (medial and lateral) Intracapsular ligament (anterior and posterior)
What is the function of osteons
Longitudinal (lengthwise) unit with compact bone
Provide a pathway for nutrients to get to cells in the ECM.
What is the function of the central canal?
Contain blood vessels and nerves
What is the function of the lamellae
Series of cylinders formed of ECM around the central canal.
Form shape of osteons
Collagen fibres within lamellae resist forces
What is the function of lucunae
Lakes for osteocytes
What are the 4 cells that make up bone and their functions?
Osteognic cells- produce osteoblasts
Osteoblast - Makers
Osteocytes- Maintainers
osteoclast- Destroyers
What is the function for canaliculi?
Channel for nutrients through ECM.
What is the structure for compact bones?
Trabeculae
What are the functions of trabeculae bone?
Canalicui- which go into the centre of the bone from the red marrow.
Lucuna- Run from the surface of the trabeculae to the interior. Because are much thinner so blood is able to defuse form the red marrow into the anterior.
Osteocyte- housed in lacuna in between lamellae/on surface.
What is the axial skeleton and the function
To protect vital organs.
Bones of the core; skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral column, sacrum and coccyx.
What are the names of the vertebral column:
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacrum and coccyx.
What causes osteoporosis?
OC> OB
Where osteoclasts and are greater than osteoblast.
What is the endochondral ossification?
Bone development starts with hyaline cartilage model, which becomes replaces by calcified bone in the process called ossification. The primary centre of ossification is usually the diaphysis while the secondary centre of ossification is in the epiphysis. Until bone growth is completed, a layer of cartilage called the epiphyseal plate remains. This structure allows the bone to increase in length. To increase bone width, osteoblast build bone beneath the periosteum, while osteoclasts break down bone from the endosteum.
Bone growth:
On the epiphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate, cartilage is formed. On the diaphysial side, cartilage is ossified, and the diaphysis grows in length.
Why is cartilage avascular?
Contains no blood vessels. Nutrients and oxygen must diffuse through ECM. Because of this takes cartilage a long time to heal.
Synovial joints and their movements?
The shape of the bond ends
the location and strength of the ligament
How far the associated muscle moves before it comes in contact with skin.
How is the appendicular and axial skeleton connected?
Pectoral girdle- Scapula and clavicle
Hip girdle- Hip bones and sacrum.
