Structure of skeleton- Lecture 3

Question 1

What are the 5 functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

Support- Provides support for the whole body. Provides a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.
Movement- Function as levers, that can change magnitude and direction of force.
Protection- Protects vital organs.
Stores minerals and lipids- The calcium salts in bones are a valuable mineral reserve that maintains normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in blood. Bones also contain adipose tissue which stores lipids as energy.
Produce blood cells- Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are produced in the red bone marrow which fill the internal cavities of many bones.

Question 2

What are the two type of bone tissue?

Answer 2

Compact bone- strong and good at transmitting force

Cancellous- spongy, resists and channels forces from multiple directions.

Question 3

Name the structure of the long bone:

Answer 3

Diaphysis- is the long tubular (body)
Epiphysis- consists largely of spongey bone. (head)
Medullary cavity- Is space within the hallow shaft. It is filled with red bone marrow, which is highly vascular and include in the production of blood cells. Yellow bone marrow is adipose tissue which is important for energy.

Question 4

Where can you find short bonds:

Answer 4

Carpals and Tarsals

Question 5

What are flat bones

Answer 5

Made for muscle attachment
Used for protection
Thin plates of compact bone, which make it flat.

Question 6

What are the 4 bone classes

Answer 6

1. long bone
2. short bone
3. irregular bone
4. Flat bone

Question 7

What does the axial Skelton do?

Answer 7

Protects vital organs

Bones of the core; skull, sternum, ribs, vertebra, sacrum and coccyx.

Question 8

What does the appendicular skeleton do?

Answer 8

Bones of limbs

Most important for movement

Question 9

name the columns of the veterbrae

Answer 9

The vertebral column keeps the trunk upright. 
Cervical (7) 
Thoracic (12) 
Lumbar (5) 
Sacrum anf coccyx

Question 10

Name the regions of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 10

Arm- (shoulder to elbow)
Forearm- (elbow to wrist)
Thigh- (hips to knee)
Leg- (knee to ankle)

Question 11

Why are the human skeleton this shape?

Answer 11

We walk on two limbs (bipedalism)
Where as apes walk on 4 limbs ( Quadrapedalism)
creating human to need more stability in our legs.

Question 12

What are the bones in our hands and feet?

Answer 12

Hand:
Carpals (8)
Metacarpals (5)
Phalanges (14- 2 in thumb)

Foot:
Tarsals (7)
Metatarsals (5)
Phalanges (14-2 in big toe)

Question 13

What is a bone gridle

Answer 13

Is to hold our appendicular to our axial skeleton. We have 2 bone girdles in our body’s.

1. Pectoral girdle
2. Pelvic girdle

Question 14

Hip bone names and difference between male and females:

Answer 14

ilium 
Pubis 
ischium 
Females more rounded. 
Males arch smaller.