Terminology Lecture 1 Flashcards
Disease
a pathological condition of the body that presents a group of symptoms peculiar to it and which sets the condition apart as an abnormal entity differing from other normal or pathological body states
Pathology
study of the nature and cause of disease which involves changes in the structure and function
Pathologic
diseased
Pathogenesis
origination and development of diseased
Etiology
the study of the causes of disease
Etiologic (agent)
pertaining to the cause of disease
Epidemiology
the study of population medicine
science concerned with defining and explaining the interrelationships of factors that determine disease frequency and distribution
Koch’s Law
Determine cause and effect
criterion used in proving an organism is the cause of a disease or lesion
Immunology
study of immune function
Immunity
body’s defense against disease
Pathogen
a microorganism or substance capable of causing disease
Parasite
an organism that lives within, upon, or at expense of another organism, known ad the host, without contributing to the survival of the host
Saprophyte
living or growing in decaying or dead matter
Commensal
providing benefits to each other
one or two organisms which live in an intimate, non-parasitic relationship; symbiosis
Zoonosis
a disease that is communicable between humans and animals under natural conditions
Infectious disease
can be spread from one animal to another or acquired from the environment and involve a pathogenic agent
Non-infectious disease
are caused by a variety of mechanisms, but do not involve a pathogenic agent (ex. Ketosis)
List some Non-infectious diseases
Metabolic disturbances Nutritional imbalances Hormonal disturbances Inherited disorders Toxic substances (lead, ingestion of toxic plants)
Incubation period
the interval between the introduction of a pathogenic agent into the body and the occurrence if observable symptoms of the disease (2 days to 3 weeks)
No recognizable symptoms, but can still transmit disease = quarantine 3 weeks
Morbidity
The number (%) of a herd or flock which show symptoms of the disease in the face of an outbreak
Mortality
The number(%) of a herd or flock which die from the disease
List some infectious disease agents
Parasited Bacteria Viruses Rickettsia Chlamydia Mycoplasma
DAMNNIITT scheme
Degenerative Anomalous Metabolic Nutritional Neoplasia Infectious Inherited Traumatic Toxic
Predisposing causes of disease
Stress Age Nutritional Heredity Breed Genus Sex
Stress
the most important cause.
Stress causes: heat/cold, inclement weather, poor shelter, poor nutrition/starvation, transportation, sever exercise, weaning, abuse, changes in feed, anxiety, fear and pain
Age
younger animals are usually more susceptible due to lower degree of immunity
Nutritional
lack of adequate nutrition results in lessened ability yo withstand exposure to pathogens and increases incidence of metabolic disease. Lack of certain minerals = disease
Heredity
Hernia, crytorchidism, dwarfism, hydrocephalus
Breed
skin pigmentation, photosensitization, squamous cell carcinoma
Genus
hog cholera only in pigs
Sex
Erysipelas only in male turkeys
Geographical
soil conditions, wet/dry, acid/alkali, can dictate occurrence of certain diseases. Deficient soils can result in deficient forages
Weather
Frost on plants can lead to higher occurrence of bloat
Seasonal
Grass tetany in Spring/Fall. Plant poisoning in pastures occur certain times of the year
Age group
Young animals more susceptible to enteric disease. E coli, coccidiosis, salmonellosis
Confinement
Close confinement accelerates exposure and incidence of disease
Exposure to pathogenic agents
some diseases are endemic to an area and occur on a yearly or regular basis unless preventative measures are taken. Introduction of affected animals into a herd or area can initiate occurrence of disease.
Examples of Occurrence, Prevalence and Incidence of disease
Geographical Weather Seasonal Age group Confinement Exposure to pathogenic agents
Example of Modes of transmission of infectious agents
Sexual contact
Excretions: Urine/ feces
Secretions: vaginal, rectal, lacrimal, nasal, mammary, salivary
Parasites: Internal/External
Contaminated food and water
Airborn
Animal vectors: Rabies, west nile virus, EPM
Fomites: corrals, buckets, etc.
Humans: wash hands, change coveralls, etc
Modes of entry
Ingestion Inhalation Genitourinary tract Teat canal Mucous membranes Wounds Insect bites
