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AVS 471 > Terminology Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Terminology Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Disease

A

a pathological condition of the body that presents a group of symptoms peculiar to it and which sets the condition apart as an abnormal entity differing from other normal or pathological body states

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2
Q

Pathology

A

study of the nature and cause of disease which involves changes in the structure and function

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3
Q

Pathologic

A

diseased

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4
Q

Pathogenesis

A

origination and development of diseased

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5
Q

Etiology

A

the study of the causes of disease

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6
Q

Etiologic (agent)

A

pertaining to the cause of disease

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7
Q

Epidemiology

A

the study of population medicine

science concerned with defining and explaining the interrelationships of factors that determine disease frequency and distribution

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8
Q

Koch’s Law

A

Determine cause and effect

criterion used in proving an organism is the cause of a disease or lesion

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9
Q

Immunology

A

study of immune function

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10
Q

Immunity

A

body’s defense against disease

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11
Q

Pathogen

A

a microorganism or substance capable of causing disease

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12
Q

Parasite

A

an organism that lives within, upon, or at expense of another organism, known ad the host, without contributing to the survival of the host

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13
Q

Saprophyte

A

living or growing in decaying or dead matter

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14
Q

Commensal

A

providing benefits to each other

one or two organisms which live in an intimate, non-parasitic relationship; symbiosis

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15
Q

Zoonosis

A

a disease that is communicable between humans and animals under natural conditions

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16
Q

Infectious disease

A

can be spread from one animal to another or acquired from the environment and involve a pathogenic agent

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17
Q

Non-infectious disease

A

are caused by a variety of mechanisms, but do not involve a pathogenic agent (ex. Ketosis)

18
Q

List some Non-infectious diseases

A 
Metabolic disturbances
Nutritional imbalances
Hormonal disturbances
Inherited disorders
Toxic substances (lead, ingestion of toxic plants)
19
Q

Incubation period

A

the interval between the introduction of a pathogenic agent into the body and the occurrence if observable symptoms of the disease (2 days to 3 weeks)

No recognizable symptoms, but can still transmit disease = quarantine 3 weeks

20
Q

Morbidity

A

The number (%) of a herd or flock which show symptoms of the disease in the face of an outbreak

21
Q

Mortality

A

The number(%) of a herd or flock which die from the disease

22
Q

List some infectious disease agents

A 
Parasited
Bacteria
Viruses
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
23
Q

DAMNNIITT scheme

A 
Degenerative
Anomalous
Metabolic
Nutritional
Neoplasia
Infectious
Inherited
Traumatic
Toxic
24
Q

Predisposing causes of disease

A 
Stress
Age 
Nutritional
Heredity
Breed 
Genus
Sex
25
Q

Stress

A

the most important cause.
Stress causes: heat/cold, inclement weather, poor shelter, poor nutrition/starvation, transportation, sever exercise, weaning, abuse, changes in feed, anxiety, fear and pain

26
Q

Age

A

younger animals are usually more susceptible due to lower degree of immunity

27
Q

Nutritional

A

lack of adequate nutrition results in lessened ability yo withstand exposure to pathogens and increases incidence of metabolic disease. Lack of certain minerals = disease

28
Q

Heredity

A

Hernia, crytorchidism, dwarfism, hydrocephalus

29
Q

Breed

A

skin pigmentation, photosensitization, squamous cell carcinoma

30
Q

Genus

A

hog cholera only in pigs

31
Q

Sex

A

Erysipelas only in male turkeys

32
Q

Geographical

A

soil conditions, wet/dry, acid/alkali, can dictate occurrence of certain diseases. Deficient soils can result in deficient forages

33
Q

Weather

A

Frost on plants can lead to higher occurrence of bloat

34
Q

Seasonal

A

Grass tetany in Spring/Fall. Plant poisoning in pastures occur certain times of the year

35
Q

Age group

A

Young animals more susceptible to enteric disease. E coli, coccidiosis, salmonellosis

36
Q

Confinement

A

Close confinement accelerates exposure and incidence of disease

37
Q

Exposure to pathogenic agents

A

some diseases are endemic to an area and occur on a yearly or regular basis unless preventative measures are taken. Introduction of affected animals into a herd or area can initiate occurrence of disease.

38
Q

Examples of Occurrence, Prevalence and Incidence of disease

A 
Geographical 
Weather
Seasonal
Age group
Confinement 
Exposure to pathogenic agents
39
Q

Example of Modes of transmission of infectious agents

A

Sexual contact
Excretions: Urine/ feces
Secretions: vaginal, rectal, lacrimal, nasal, mammary, salivary
Parasites: Internal/External
Contaminated food and water
Airborn
Animal vectors: Rabies, west nile virus, EPM
Fomites: corrals, buckets, etc.
Humans: wash hands, change coveralls, etc

40
Q

Modes of entry

A 
Ingestion
Inhalation
Genitourinary tract
Teat canal 
Mucous membranes
Wounds
Insect bites

AVS 471 (10 decks)

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