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AVS 471 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is failure of passive transfer? What does failure of passive transfer predispose to the neonate to?

A

Means the fetus did not absorb as many immunoglobulins as it could have.
It predisposes the neonate to a higher chance of disease

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2
Q

Anti-microbial resistance is a potential public health risk. List 2 ways inappropriate use of anti-microbial could increase resistance issues.

A

Using medications in the feed

Using medications on an animal when they do NOT necessarily need them

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3
Q

Twins are an example of a fetal cause of dystocia. We can see maternal and mechanical causes of dystocia. What are three mechanisms/causes of dystocia in animals (do not list abnormal presentations or twins)?

A

Fetus being physically too big
First calf heifer
Cervix - failure to dilate

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4
Q

True or False

Diuretics are a therapy to treat edema and anti-inflammatories are a therapy to treat swelling.

A

True

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5
Q

Describe what a “patent urachus” is in neonates?

A

Hospitalized debilitated neonates
Simultaneous infection of the umbilicus
Foals straining to defecate

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6
Q

True or False

Generally speaking we would expect to see redness and heat with edema but not with inflammation.

A

False

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7
Q

Matching: with reference to the stages of labor in our livestock animals. To the list below place A) stage 1 B) stage 2; or C) stage 3 in the blank next to each statement

a. Rupture of the allantochorion. _____
b. Changes in fetal position and posture. _____
c. Cervix fully dilated and continuous with vagina. _____
d. Expulsion of placenta. _____
e. Suckling induces oxytocin release and more uterine contractions. _____
f. Delivery of Fetus. _____

A

a. B
b. A
c. B
d. C
e. C
f. B

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8
Q

If you suspected a calf was suffering from hypothermia list 3 ways to warm this calf.

A

Warm milk
Warm environment - move to a closed barn
Energy shot

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9
Q

True or False

Antibiotics work well as a therapy against a viral infection in our livestock.

A

False, bacterial infections only

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10
Q

Describe appropriate long term colostrum storage and the processing required prior to giving colostrum to a calf/foal.

A

Freeze - can be kept up to 12 months ideal storage is 6-8 months
Warm up in 110 degrees F water, wait 10-15 minutes then administer.
Microwave is possible but will denature the colostrum

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11
Q

Discuss the signs/symptoms (age of onset) of calf scours.

A 
Dehydration 
Diarrhea 
Lethargic
Decreased nursing 
0-4-6 weeks
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12
Q

Discuss the treatment of calf scours.

A

Fluids - IV, SubQ, or Oral

Extreme - Antibiotics

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13
Q

Discuss the prevention of calf scours.

A

Adequate colostrum at birth
Vaccines
Clean environment

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14
Q

Discuss the management of calf scours.

A

Calve heifers in a separate location
Quarantine all calves & dams with diarrhea
Manage the environment

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15
Q

Beef or Dairy

Which type of cow has the most concentrated colostrum?

A

Beef

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16
Q

List three reasons Biosecurity strategies are important in animal health management.

A

Decrease the chances of disease outbreak
Healthier animals
Better profits

17
Q

Carcass disposal is an important consideration in your biosecurity plan. List and describe 2 ways animal carcass can be disposed of?

A

Composting - risk of disease spread, land availability, number of animals
Burial - mass depopulation, environmental concerns, Local jurisdictions.

18
Q

During the “recovery” phase of an emergency preparedness plan list three considerations.

A

Record keeping
Possible changes for future emergencies
Check the animals

19
Q

Place foal or calve next to the following statements based on which species is most likely to be associated with the described statement:

a. Premature placental separation (Red Bag): _____
b. Dystocia tends to be uncommon: _____
c. Cryptosporidia diarrhea disease: _____
d. Cotyledon form od placentation: _____
e. Neonatal Isoerthrolysis: _____
f. Rota and Corona viral vaccine: _____

A

a. foal
b. foal
c. calf
d. calf
e. foal
f. calf

20
Q

In the context of visitor risk assessment on your farm place A) low risk, B) moderate risk, or C) high risk next to the following statements:

a. Does not own and/or care for livestock: _____
b. Travels to foreign countries with animal contact in those countries: _____
c. Does not wear clean or protective clothing: _____
d. Does not travel outside of the United States: _____
e. Limited travel outside of the United States but no animal contact: _____
f. Wears sanitized shoes or boots. One pair of clean overalls per site: _____

A

a. A
b. C
c. C
d. A
e. B
f. A

21
Q

List one infectious and one non-infectious disease which could result in abortion of animals.

A

Non-infectious: Lack or nutrition or Extreme Stress

Infectious: Brucellosis

22
Q

We have a ewe diagnosed with viral OPPV mastitis and a very sore inflamed udder. Would we want to administer Banamine (anti-inflammatory) or Penicillin (Antibiotic).

A

Banamine (anti-inflammatory)

23
Q

Oxytetracycline is in the pharmaceutical class of Antibiotics or Anti-inflammatory.

A

Antibiotics

24
Q

What does biosecurity mean to you?

A

Taking the extra precautions needed to ensure disease is not spread.

25
Q

Describe the difference between over the counter (OTC) and prescription drugs.

A

Over the Counter (OTC): can be purchased and administered by anyone. This can be used on any animal that is showing the symptoms or needs the medication.

Prescription drugs: the medication must be prescribed by a licensed veterinarian. This medication is for specific uses and specific animals

26
Q

As animal managers why be concerned with chemical residues in meat and milk products? (list two)

A

Chemical residues in milk/meat can ruin the overall product making the end product unsellable

Chemical residues in milk/meat can cause harm to others or potentially infect other meat/milk

27
Q

What disease condition are we trying to improve when we administer Penicillin? Banamine?

A

Penicillin: Bacterial Infection

Banamine: Anti-inflammatory

28
Q

In reference to using the S.O.A.P acronym for working up an animal issue define:

a. S
b. O
c. A
d. P

A

a. S: Subjected Data; history
b. O: Objective Data; TPR, Lab data
c. A: Assessment (of items/cases); Differential Diagnoses
d. P: Plan; Further diagnostic, Treatment

29
Q

What do you examine during a Physical Exam?

A

Vitals
Check for Inflammation
Mucous Membranes
Check for Bodily discharges

30
Q

What do you examine during a Visual Exam?

A

Systematic approach
Record Findings
Observe animals from a distance
Observe other members of the herd

31
Q

What is level 1 of biosecurity?

A

Level 1: protect against disease endemic to local environment

32
Q

What is level 2 of biosecurity?

A

Level 2: secure against foreign or exotic diseases

AVS 471 (10 decks)

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