Terminology and extra things

Question 1

Rods are sensitive to low/high levels of light and are involved in central/peripheral vision

Answer 1

low

peripheral

Question 2

Cones are for colour, true or false

Answer 2

true

Question 3

Cornea is a/vascular

Answer 3

avascular

Question 4

what are refractive errors

Answer 4

problem with how the eye focusses light

Question 5

what is emmetropia

Answer 5

no refractive error i.e. ideal vision

Question 6

what is hypermetropia and do people with this have better far or near vision

Answer 6

long sightedness
better far vision
smaller than average eyeball size

Question 7

what is myopia and do do people with this have better far or near vision

Answer 7

short sightedness
better near vision
larger than average eyeball size - light meets before retina

Question 8

what is astigmatism

Answer 8

rugby ball shaped eyes

Question 9

what is presbyopia

Answer 9

long sightedness due to loss of elasticity of the the lens in older age

Question 10

define papilloedema

Answer 10

optic disc swelling due to raised intracranial pressure around CN2

Question 11

define esotropia

Answer 11

eye is lying inwards, moves outwards

Question 12

define exotropia

Answer 12

eye is lying outwards, moves inwards

Question 13

define hypertropia

Answer 13

eye is lying upwards, moves downwards

Question 14

define hypotropia

Answer 14

eye is lying downwards, moves upwards

Question 15

which refractive error increases risk of retinal detachment

Answer 15

myopia

Question 16

hypermetropia is corrected by a convex/concave lens and has a +/- prescription

Answer 16

convex
+ve prescription
convergent

Question 17

myopia is corrected by a convex/concave lens and has a +/- prescription

Answer 17

concave
-ve prescription
divergent

Question 18

what is an Argyll Robertson pupil

Answer 18

accommodates but does not react

Question 19

what is a Holmes Adie pupil

Answer 19

dilated pupil

Question 20

what is a Marcus Gunn pupil

Answer 20

RAPD

Question 21

what is Horner’s syndrome

Answer 21

ptosis
anhydrosis
miosis

Question 22

describe a pupil in a 3rd nerve palsy

Answer 22

ptosis
dilated
‘down and out’ position

Question 23

what is anisocoria

Answer 23

unequal pupil size

Question 24

what can tamsulosin do to the iris which is seen in surgery

Answer 24

the iris can become floppy if you are on tamsulosin

Question 25

if a patient is hypermetropic and develops a cataract, what can happen

Answer 25

the changes in the lens can change the way light is refracted and can actually make you myopic

Question 26

what is xerophthalmia

Answer 26

vit A deficiency

Question 27

what is retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 27

most common inherited ophthalmological disease where you get pigmentation of the retina, worsening night vision and peripheral visual loss

Question 28

is glaucoma always caused by ^ IOP

Answer 28

no

^IOP is a RF

Question 29

what is the most important management in CRAO/CRVO

Answer 29

optimising CVS RFs

Question 30

preservative allergies are common, true or false

Answer 30

true

Question 31

most common non infective cause of anterior uveitis

Answer 31

HLA B27

Question 32

where can you get a toxoplasmosis infection from

Answer 32

cats
raw meat
it can cause retinal scarring

Question 33

management option for macular oedema

Answer 33

anti VEGF injections

Question 34

in which group of patients do you avoid giving anti VEGF to

Answer 34

recent MI or stroke
uncontrolled angina
uncontrolled HTN