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network+ n10-008 todd lammle > Terminology 4 > Flashcards

Terminology 4 Flashcards

1
Q

AD is used to rate what?

A

The trustworthiness of routing information.

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2
Q

What are the minimum and maximum AD?

A

0, 255

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3
Q

What does an AD of 255 mean?

A

No traffic is allowed to be passed via this route.

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4
Q

What happens when multiple routing protocols are running on a router?

A

Only the routes from the protocol with the lowest default AD will be on the routing table.

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5
Q

What is the default AD for connected interfaces?

A

0

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6
Q

What is the default AD for static routes?

A

1

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7
Q

What is the default AD for External BGP?

A

20

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8
Q

What is the default AD for Internal EIGRP?

A

90

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9
Q

What is the default AD for IGRP?

A

100

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10
Q

What is the default AD for OSPF?

A

110

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11
Q

What is the default AD for IS-IS?

A

115

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12
Q

What is the default AD for RIP?

A

120

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13
Q

What is the default AD for External EIGRP?

A

170

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14
Q

What is the default AD for Internal BGP?

A

200

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15
Q

What is the default AD for unknown?

A

255

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16
Q

What three tables do Link State routing protocols keep?

A
  1. Directly attached neighbours
  2. Topology of the entire network
  3. The actual routing table
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17
Q

When distance vector routing protocols pass their routing tables to their neighbours, what is this known as?

A

Routing by rumour.

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18
Q

If two routes are received with the same AD, how does the protocol choose a route?

A

The protocol uses other metrics.

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19
Q

In DV routing, if the AD is the same and the hop count is the same, what does the router do?

A

It uses round-robin load balancing.

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20
Q

What normally happens to data transmission when routers are converging?

A

It stops

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21
Q

How often does RIP send out a complete routing table to all active interfaces?

A

Every 30 seconds.

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22
Q

What is RIP’s maximum allowable hop count

A

15

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23
Q

Why does RIP limit the allowable hop count to 15?

A

To prevent routing loops.

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24
Q

Why can RIP cause latency in a network?

A

Slow convergence.

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25
Q

Does RIP support classful routing?

A

No, all devices must use the same subnet mask for each specific address class.

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26
Q

Why is RIPv2 considered classless?

A

Because subnet information is sent with each route update.

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27
Q

Is RIP open standard or proprietary?

A

Open standard.

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28
Q

RIPv1 uses broadcasts to send routing information to neighbours. What does RIPv2 use (and what address)?

A

Multicast 224.0.0.9

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29
Q

What authentication do RIP and RIPv2 support?

A

RIP - none
RIPv2 - MD5

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30
Q

Do RIP and RIPv2 support VLSM?

A

RIP - no
RIPv2 - yes

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31
Q

What 3 routing protocols send subnet mask information with route updates?

A

RIPv2
OSPF
EIGRP

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32
Q

What is a discontiguous network?

A

One that has two or more subnets of a classful network connected together by different classful networks

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33
Q

Discontiguous networks work with which protocol?

A

OSPF

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34
Q

What is route aggregation?

A

Combining multiple subnets into one larger subnet.

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35
Q

What is another name for route aggregation?

A

Supernetting.

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36
Q

What link-state characteristic does EIGRP have, making it a hybrid protocol?

A

It synchronises routing tables between neighboursat startup, and then only sends specific updates only when topology changes occur.

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37
Q

Does EIGRP support IPv6?

A

Yes, EIGRPv6 does

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38
Q

Does EIGRP support summaries and discontiguous networks?

A

Yes

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39
Q

With EIGRP, what is RTP?

A

Reliable Transport Protocol

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40
Q

What is DUAL?

A

Diffusing Update Algorithm

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41
Q

What is a ‘successor’ route?

A

The best route to a remote network

42
Q

What is the backup route to a remote network called in EIGRP?

A

Feasible successor route

43
Q

What is route redistribution

A

Translating from one routing protocol to another

44
Q

BGP is a ____ _____ routing protocol

A

Path vector

45
Q

What is the routing table in BGP called?

A

Routing Information Base (RIB)

46
Q

What are Hello packets used for?

A

To maintain the neighbour table in link-state routing

47
Q

How is the topology table maintained?

A

Via Link State Advertisements, or Packets (LSAs or LSPs).

48
Q

What does a topology table contain?

A

A list of all destination networks plus every neighbour they can be reached through.

49
Q

SPF

A

Shortest Path First

50
Q

What algorithm does OSPF use?

A

The Dijkstra algorithm

51
Q

Which converges faster, OSPF or EIGRP?

A

EIGRP

52
Q

Does OSPF support auto summarisation?

A

No

53
Q

What is the OSPF area connected to the backbone called?

A

Area 0

54
Q

What are routers that connect other areas to the backbone area within OSPF called?

A

ABRs (Area Border Routers)

55
Q

What is the router that connects two ASs in OSPF called?

A

ASBR (Autonomous System Border Router)

56
Q

In IS-IS where do L1 intermediate systems route?

A

Within an area

57
Q

In IS-IS where do L2 intermediate systems route?

A

Between areas and toward other ASs

58
Q

CLNS

A

Connectionless Network Service

59
Q

What is CLNS used for

A

In IS-IS to provide connectionless delivery of data packets between routers (OSPF uses IP)

60
Q

Why do ISPs prefer IS-IS over OSPF?

A

It can run IP and IPv6 without creating a separate database for each protocol like OSPF does.

61
Q

FHRP

A

First Hop Redundancy Protocol

62
Q

HSRP

A

Hot Standby Routing Protocol

63
Q

How can you achieve load balancing with HSRP?

A

Set up different VLANs and designating different routers as active for that VLAN

64
Q

VRRP

A

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

65
Q

What routers are defined in an HSRP group?

A

Active router
Standby router
Virtual router
any other routers that may be connected to the subnet.

66
Q

What is the drawback with HSRP?

A

Only one router is active, the others do nothing.

67
Q

What happens if the HSRP standby router does not receive Hello packets from the active router?

A

It takes over the active router role.

68
Q

What is the makeup of the HSRP virtual MAC address:
0000.0c07.ac.0a

A

0000.0c - Vendor ID (Cisco)
07.ac - The well-known HSRP ID
0a - the HSRP group number

69
Q

What are the 4 HSRP timers?

A
  1. Hello
  2. Hold
  3. Active
  4. Standby
70
Q

What is the HSRP hello timer, and what is its default interval?

A

They identify the state that each router is in. The default is 3 seconds.

71
Q

Roughly what sort of time can the HSRP hello timer be set to?

A

milliseconds

72
Q

What is the HSRP hold timer, and what is the default setting? What is the recommended setting if the hello timer is changed?

A

It is the interval the standby router uses to determine whether the active router is offline. The default is 10 seconds. The recommendation is to set it 3 times the hello timer.

73
Q

What is an HSRP active timer?

A

It monitors the state of the active router, it resets each time a router in the standby group gets a hello packet from the active router.

74
Q

What is an HSRP standby timer?

A

It monitors the state of the standby router, it resets each time a router in the standby group gets a hello packet from the standby router,

75
Q

What is the virtual router that represents a group of VRRP routers called?

A

The VRRP group

76
Q

What is the active router in a VRRP group called?

A

The master router

77
Q

Which router in a VRRP group can have the same IP address as the group?

A

The master router

78
Q

What are the standby routers in a VRRP group called?

A

Backup routers

79
Q

In IPv6, what is the purpose of router advertisement?

A

To send a network ID (called a prefix in IPv6) to a host, so it can generate its own IPv6 address.

80
Q

In IPv6, what is a router solicitation (RS)?

A

It is a multicast packet to all routers for prefix information (FF02::2).

81
Q

What is the ICMP message type for RS?

A

133

82
Q

What is the multicast address and ICMP type of an RS?

A

FF02::1
134

83
Q

What prefix does a link-local address always use?

A

FE80::/64

84
Q

What is Neighbour Discovery Protocol used for?

A

IN IPv6, NDP is used to learn the link local addresses of other hosts in its subnet.

85
Q

What is the ICMP type of a Neighbour Solicitation message in IPv6?

A

135

86
Q

What are the three key pieces to configure a 6to4 tunnel?

A
  1. The tunnel mode
  2. The IPv4 tunnel source
  3. A 6to4 IP address that lies within 2002::/16
87
Q

What are the parts of a /48 automatic 6to4 tunnel prefix?

A

2002:nnnn:nnnn
where nnnn:nnnn is the IPv4 address in hex

88
Q

ISATAP

A

Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol

89
Q

What is a risk with NAT and 6to4 tunneling?

A

Nat can break the tunnel encapsulation

90
Q

What is the advantage of Teredo to give IPv6 functionality to hosts on an IPv4 network?

A

It can do so from behind NAT devices

91
Q

What does Teredo do essentially?

A

Encapsulates IPv6 packets inside UDPv4 datagrams

92
Q

What is a Teredo client?

A

A host with IPv4 connectivity that uses Teredo to access the IPv6 internet

93
Q

What is a Teredo server?

A

The host used for initial configuration of a Teredo

94
Q

What is a Teredo relay?

A

The remote end of a Teredo tunnel.

95
Q

What is a Teredo Host-Specific Relay?

A

A relay whose range is limited to the host it runs on.

96
Q

What is the multicast address that RIPng uses?

A

FF02::9

97
Q

What are 3 IPv6 routing protocols?

A

RIPng, EIGRPv6, OSPFv3

98
Q

What is EIGRPv6’s multicast address?

A

FF02::A

99
Q

What are the 2 multicast addresses for OSPFv3

A

FF02::5 (OSPF routers)
FF02::6 (OSPF-designated routers)

100
Q

SPB

A

Shortest Path Bridging

network+ n10-008 todd lammle (33 decks)

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