Terminology

Question 1

akathesia

Answer 1

feeling inner restlessness, fidget, restless,

may feel uncomfortable

Question 2

ataxia

Answer 2

unsteady gait, swaying feet wide a part, px walking straight line (heel to toe); uncordinated

• dysmetria-misjudge distance to target
• asynergia-breakdown of movement, irregular, clumsy

Question 3

athetosis

Answer 3

slow, writhing, continuous, involuntary (cerebral palsy)

Question 4

chorea

Answer 4

involuntary, irregular, purposeless, nonrhythmic, abrupt, rapid or unstained movement

Question 5

dyskinesia

Answer 5

generally any abnormal involuntary movement

Question 6

dystonia

Answer 6

refers to twisting movements and postures that tend to be sustained at peak of movement, patterned, repetitive

• can effect eye lids: blepharospasms
• voice: spasmodic dysphonia
• neck-spasmodic torticollis, cervical dystonia
• hand-writer’s cramp
• generalized-one or both legs, trunk or other body part

Question 7

agnosia

Answer 7

inability to Process sensory infor; px with recognizing objects, persons, sounds, shapes, smells
-occipitotemporal border

Question 8

apraxia

Answer 8

d/o of motor planing not coordination (incoordination is ataxia)

Question 9

oculogyric crisis

Answer 9

usually side effect of neuroleptic drug; a acute dystonic reaction;

• initial sx: restlessness, agitaiton, malaise, fixed stare
• followed by maximal upward deviation of the eyes in sustained fashion; may deviate laterally and or downward
• common to have lateral and backwards flexion of the neck, widely opened mouth, tongue protrusion, and ocular pain
• it can occur as a recurrent syndrome triggered by stress and exposure to the drugs

Question 10

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer 10

rarely seen until after 6 months of treatment; abnormal involuntary, irregular choreoathetoid movements of muscles of head, limbs, trunk

Question 11

torticollis

Answer 11

twisting of neck, fixed irregular neck positions, can be painful

• can be tilted (laterocollis)
• can be twisted to one side (rotational torticollis)
• forward (anterocollis)
• backward (retrocollis)
• movements can be sustained or jerky (myoclonic torticollis)
• can develop gradually, may have tremor begin

Question 12

differentiating TD, dystonic reactions, and parkinsonism symptoms

Answer 12

dystonic reactions: intermittent or sustained muscle action involuntary, can be painful and uncomfortable and can cause fear and agitation (acute is within 24-48 hours of tx); responds will to anti-parkinson meds/no rating scales for acute dystonia

tardive dystonia is distiguished from acute dystonia by duration (Tardive dystonia is chronic)

parkinsonism start insidiously within days of meds, dose dependent; gradually sx subside and tolerance may develop; have rigidity of limbs with resistance to passive movements (cog-wheel rigidity), tremors and bradykinesia; several rating scales; tx reducing dose or changing med, or adding anticholinergic;

Tardive dyskinesia (develop after chronic exposure to neuroleptics for about 6 months; usually use AIMS scale; usually involves face, tongue;

Question 13

epidemic

Answer 13

a widespread occurence of an infectionus disease in a community, population

Question 14

endemic

Answer 14

native or restricted to a certain country or area/regularly found amoung particular people or in a certain area

Question 15

nursing research

Answer 15

systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer questions in nursing or solve nursing px

Question 16

nursing theory

Answer 16

provide framework for nursing interventions and predict outcomes that impact nursing practice

Question 17

evidenced based practice

Answer 17

involves using the best evidence in making patient care decisions such as evidece from research conducted by healthcare professionals

Question 18

validity

Answer 18

measures what it is supposed to measure

-matter of degree, approximate truth

Question 19

internal validity

Answer 19

r/o that something else could have causedit

Question 20

construct validity

Answer 20

validity from observed persons, settings, etc

Question 21

external validity

Answer 21

will it hold over time? can it be applied to others? generalized?

Question 22

reliability

Answer 22

consistency, less variation the great ther reliability; accuracy

Question 23

stability

Answer 23

similar scores on separate occasions

Question 24

reliability coefficient

Answer 24

index of magnitude of tests reliability

• *should be usually 0.80 or higher
• *to make decisions about individuals it should ideally be 0.90 or greater

Question 25

correlation coefficient

Answer 25

tool for qualitatively describing magnitude and direction of relationship between 2 variables

Question 26

coefficient alpha (Cronback's alpha)

Answer 26

ranges from 0.00-1.00 higher values = higher internal consistency (internal consistency is the ability to measure the same trait; usually homogenous)

Question 27

internal consistency

Answer 27

homogenous, ability to measure same trait

Question 28

Pearson r

Answer 28

``` (Product-moment correlation coefficient) measures association between 2 variables 1. ranges: -1.00 perfect neg correlation 0 no relationship +1.00 perfect positive correlation ```

Question 29

secondary data analysis

Answer 29

collected from someone else

Question 30

descriptive mixed methods

Answer 30

descriptive (observation/describe/documenting aspects) mixed (combining qualitative and quantitative)

Question 31

pilot study

Answer 31

small scale, like a trial run, tests methods to be sued in a larger scale; not substantive in primary purpose the point is to try on small before try on large group to see if it is worth it

Question 32

agraphia

Answer 32

dont understand written language

Question 33

aphasia

Answer 33

partial or complete loss of language abilities

Question 34

angnosia

Answer 34

cannot recognize and identify objects or ppl

Question 35

apraxia

Answer 35

loss of ability to execute or carry out skilled movements and gestures despite having desire and physical ability

Question 36

prognosia

Answer 36

distrubed ability to recognize faces

Question 37

ataxia

Answer 37

lack of muscle control, uncoordinated

Question 38

anosmia

Answer 38

loss of sense of smell

Question 39

hyperosmia

Answer 39

increased olfactory sensitivity

Question 40

agonist

Answer 40

fits receptor

Question 41

antagonist

Answer 41

blocks receptor | antagonizes

Question 42

down regulation

Answer 42

decreases the rate of neurotransmitter receptor synthesis (takes days to weeks) -decreases receptors

Question 43

up regulation

Answer 43

increases receptor synthesis | -increases receptors