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ANCC Boards > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

akathesia

A

feeling inner restlessness, fidget, restless,

may feel uncomfortable

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2
Q

ataxia

A

unsteady gait, swaying feet wide a part, px walking straight line (heel to toe); uncordinated

  • dysmetria-misjudge distance to target
  • asynergia-breakdown of movement, irregular, clumsy
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3
Q

athetosis

A

slow, writhing, continuous, involuntary (cerebral palsy)

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4
Q

chorea

A

involuntary, irregular, purposeless, nonrhythmic, abrupt, rapid or unstained movement

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5
Q

dyskinesia

A

generally any abnormal involuntary movement

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6
Q

dystonia

A

refers to twisting movements and postures that tend to be sustained at peak of movement, patterned, repetitive

  • can effect eye lids: blepharospasms
  • voice: spasmodic dysphonia
  • neck-spasmodic torticollis, cervical dystonia
  • hand-writer’s cramp
  • generalized-one or both legs, trunk or other body part
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7
Q

agnosia

A

inability to Process sensory infor; px with recognizing objects, persons, sounds, shapes, smells
-occipitotemporal border

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8
Q

apraxia

A

d/o of motor planing not coordination (incoordination is ataxia)

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9
Q

oculogyric crisis

A

usually side effect of neuroleptic drug; a acute dystonic reaction;

  • initial sx: restlessness, agitaiton, malaise, fixed stare
  • followed by maximal upward deviation of the eyes in sustained fashion; may deviate laterally and or downward
  • common to have lateral and backwards flexion of the neck, widely opened mouth, tongue protrusion, and ocular pain
  • it can occur as a recurrent syndrome triggered by stress and exposure to the drugs
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10
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

rarely seen until after 6 months of treatment; abnormal involuntary, irregular choreoathetoid movements of muscles of head, limbs, trunk

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11
Q

torticollis

A

twisting of neck, fixed irregular neck positions, can be painful

  • can be tilted (laterocollis)
  • can be twisted to one side (rotational torticollis)
  • forward (anterocollis)
  • backward (retrocollis)
  • movements can be sustained or jerky (myoclonic torticollis)
  • can develop gradually, may have tremor begin
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12
Q

differentiating TD, dystonic reactions, and parkinsonism symptoms

A

dystonic reactions: intermittent or sustained muscle action involuntary, can be painful and uncomfortable and can cause fear and agitation (acute is within 24-48 hours of tx); responds will to anti-parkinson meds/no rating scales for acute dystonia

tardive dystonia is distiguished from acute dystonia by duration (Tardive dystonia is chronic)

parkinsonism start insidiously within days of meds, dose dependent; gradually sx subside and tolerance may develop; have rigidity of limbs with resistance to passive movements (cog-wheel rigidity), tremors and bradykinesia; several rating scales; tx reducing dose or changing med, or adding anticholinergic;

Tardive dyskinesia (develop after chronic exposure to neuroleptics for about 6 months; usually use AIMS scale; usually involves face, tongue;

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13
Q

epidemic

A

a widespread occurence of an infectionus disease in a community, population

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14
Q

endemic

A

native or restricted to a certain country or area/regularly found amoung particular people or in a certain area

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15
Q

nursing research

A

systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer questions in nursing or solve nursing px

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16
Q

nursing theory

A

provide framework for nursing interventions and predict outcomes that impact nursing practice

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17
Q

evidenced based practice

A

involves using the best evidence in making patient care decisions such as evidece from research conducted by healthcare professionals

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18
Q

validity

A

measures what it is supposed to measure

-matter of degree, approximate truth

19
Q

internal validity

A

r/o that something else could have causedit

20
Q

construct validity

A

validity from observed persons, settings, etc

21
Q

external validity

A

will it hold over time? can it be applied to others? generalized?

22
Q

reliability

A

consistency, less variation the great ther reliability; accuracy

23
Q

stability

A

similar scores on separate occasions

24
Q

reliability coefficient

A

index of magnitude of tests reliability

  • *should be usually 0.80 or higher
  • *to make decisions about individuals it should ideally be 0.90 or greater
25
Q

correlation coefficient

A

tool for qualitatively describing magnitude and direction of relationship between 2 variables

26
Q

coefficient alpha (Cronback’s alpha)

A

ranges from 0.00-1.00
higher values = higher internal consistency
(internal consistency is the ability to measure the same trait; usually homogenous)

27
Q

internal consistency

A

homogenous, ability to measure same trait

28
Q

Pearson r

A 
(Product-moment correlation coefficient)
measures association between 2 variables
1. ranges: 
 -1.00 perfect neg correlation
0 no relationship
\+1.00 perfect positive correlation
29
Q

secondary data analysis

A

collected from someone else

30
Q

descriptive mixed methods

A

descriptive (observation/describe/documenting aspects) mixed (combining qualitative and quantitative)

31
Q

pilot study

A

small scale, like a trial run, tests methods to be sued in a larger scale; not substantive in primary purpose the point is to try on small before try on large group to see if it is worth it

32
Q

agraphia

A

dont understand written language

33
Q

aphasia

A

partial or complete loss of language abilities

34
Q

angnosia

A

cannot recognize and identify objects or ppl

35
Q

apraxia

A

loss of ability to execute or carry out skilled movements and gestures despite having desire and physical ability

36
Q

prognosia

A

distrubed ability to recognize faces

37
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle control, uncoordinated

38
Q

anosmia

A

loss of sense of smell

39
Q

hyperosmia

A

increased olfactory sensitivity

40
Q

agonist

A

fits receptor

41
Q

antagonist

A

blocks receptor

antagonizes

42
Q

down regulation

A

decreases the rate of neurotransmitter receptor synthesis (takes days to weeks)
-decreases receptors

43
Q

up regulation

A

increases receptor synthesis

-increases receptors

ANCC Boards (10 decks)

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