Prenatal care and fetal development Flashcards
What child outcomes do you see from iron deficiency?
-delayed brain maturation, sleep px, poorer cognitive, motor and social/emotional development
What do you see with child development when the mother was malnourished?
effects on cognition, lower individual variablility in temperament like behaviors; possible lower child responsiveness to mother; low birth wt
What role does poly-unsaturated fatty acids have with child development?
play a role in brain development and functioning through their involvement in neuronal survival and plasticity
What role does folic acid play in child development?
a deficiency is known to cause neural tube defects sucha s anencephaly, absence of cranial vault and spina bifida
-folic acid is involved in both neurogenesis and myelination
How does zinc help with development?
- involved in gene transcription, activity of enzymes, synthesis of serotonin and melatonin
- deficiencies may cause abnormal brain development by altering protein synthesis association with learning and attention
What role does iron have on brain development?
essential for lipid metabolism in developing brain, involved in myelination
-deficiencies can result in lower IQ of child, impairment with learning and memory tasks
What drugs are neurotoxic that you need to worry about with the pregnant mother?
- valproic acid can cause neural tube defects
- sniffing of substances (toluol/chlorinated hydrocarbons) will have px similar to alcohol syndrome (MR; behavioral px; px with HPA axis causing increased cortisol)
- nicotine results in altered brain cell growth; reduced birth wt and growth; increased risk of SIDS
- cocaine: reduced growth of brain, premature baby, neural tube px; increased risk of SIDS, language delays
- marijuana: has affects of amygdala, emotional regulation systems
- heroin: preterm birth, low birth wt, small head, increased risk for SIDS
What sx do you expect of a child born exposed to nicotine?
hyperactivity, conduct d/o in boys
learning and language and reading px
increased rates of ADHD
lower IQ, poorer impulse control, impaired visuo-perceptual performance in adolescnets
increased rate of substance abuse and smoking
what behavioral px does prenatal exposure to sniffing substances/ toluol cause?
-ADHD, CNS px; fetal solvent syndrome
what behavioral px does prenatal exposure to marijuana cause?
- infants: tremors, sleep px, increased startle response
- increased hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention
- increased externalizing px
- impaired executive fx, planning, px solving, anaylyzing, modificaiton of behavior response to feedback
what behavioral px does prenatal exposure to heroin cause?
hyperacitivty; brief attention span; temper outbursts
maternal stress and development
-increased cortisol levels affect later fx of infants HPA axis; smaller head, preterm birth; increased risks for psych d/o
preterm birth outcomes on development
- cognitive px/lower intellegence; higher rates of CP
- learning disabilities; language impairment; px in vidual-motor integration and motor cordination; ADHD, CP,
what results in early foster care or removal from primary care giver
- prolonged separation is associated with poorer school performances and sx of psychological distress
- removal from family into foster care befroe age 6 can cause feelings of hopelessness, negative expectations w/ relationships w/ others; not seeking interpersonal connectedness
What happens through the life stages of a child of divorce?
- preschoolers; fear being left alone, abondoned, forgotten; seek familiar toys; may be angry and uncoorperative; cranky; periods of crying
- early childhood: feelings of loos, rejection, guilt and conflict over loyalty
- school aged child: grief, embarrassment, resentment, intense anger, divided loyalty; blame selves; saddnes, loss, loneliness; feel less protected and cared for; difficulty concentrating and decline in school; internalize and externaliz psych sx
- adolescents: anger, fear, grief, loneliness, powerlessness, guilt, anxiety, depression; disruptive and aggressive; substance use; teen pregnancies; poor academic acheivement; may feel they need to take control over family; doubt ability to get married or stay married
- young adults: poor relationships; emtional distress and behavioral px; likely to recieved help before; likely to dropp out of school
- adults: greater social isolation; poor subjective well-being; lower level of academic achievement; less satisfaction w/ life and sex life; risk of divorce and premature mortality
