Terminology Flashcards
What are the biological factors in the biopsychosocial model?
- Genetics
- Substances
- Illnesses/Injuries
What are the psychological factors in the biopsychosocial model?
- Developmental Experiences
- Early relationship patterns
- Current relationship patterns
- Defense mechanisms
What are the social factors in the biopsychosocial model?
- Current life experiences and stressors
- Cultural factors
- Religious/spiritual factors
What three things are included in a general description of patients?
A. Appearance
B. Behavior
C. Motor Activity
Pathological imitation of movements of one person by another
Echopraxia
general term for an immobile position that is constantly maintained
Catalepsy
markedly slowed motor activity, often to a point of immobility and seeming unawareness of surroundings
Catatonic stupor
condition of a person who can be molded into a position that is then maintained; when the examiner moves the person’s limb, the limb feels that it is made of wax
Waxy flexibility
temporary loss of muscle tone and weakness precipitated by a variety of emotional states
Cataplexy
repetitive fixed pattern of physical action or speech
Stereotypy
excessive motor and cognitive over activity, usually nonproductive and in response to internal tension
Psychomotor agitation
subjective feeling of muscular tension secondary to antipsychotic or other medication, which can cause restlessness, pacing, repeated sitting and standing; can be mistaken for agitation
Akathisia
decreased motor and cognitive activity, visible slowing of thought, speech, and movement
Psychomotor retardation
difficulty in performing voluntary movements, as in extrapyramidal disorders
Dyskinesia
slowness of motor activity with a decrease in normal spontaneous movement
Bradykinesia
random and involuntary quick, jerky, purposeless movements
Chorea
slow, sustained contractions of the trunk or limbs; can be medication induced
Dystonia
(mood swings) oscillations between euphoria, depression, or anxiety
Labile mood
a person’s difficulty in describing or being aware of emotions or mood
Alexithymia
Mood vs. Affect
Mood - a pervasive and sustained emotion, subjectively experienced and reported by the patient and observed by others; examples include depression, elation, anger
Affect - the observed expression of emotion, possibly inconsistent with the patient’s description of the emotion
absence or near absence of any signs of affective expression; voice monotonous, face immobile
Flat affect
rapid speech that is increased in amount and difficult to interrupt
Pressured speech
false perception of orders that a person may feel obliged to obey or unable to resist (often dangerous)
Command hallucination
indirect speech that is delayed in reaching the point but eventually gets from the original point to the desired goal; characterized by an over inclusion of details and parenthetical remarks
Circumstantiality
inability to have goal directed associations of thought; speaker never gets from desired point to desired goal
Tangentiality
persisting response to a previous stimulus after a new stimulus has been presented; often associated with cognitive disorders
Perseveration
flow of thought in which ideas shift from one subject to another in a completely unrelated way; when severe, speech may be incoherent
Loosening of associations
rapid, continuous verbalizations or plays on words produce constant shifting from one idea to another; ideas tend to be connected but too fast for the listener to comprehend
Flight of ideas
a fixed false belief, based on incorrect inference about external reality, not consistent with the patient’s intelligence and cultural background, cannot be corrected by reasoning.
Delusion
pathological persistence of an irresistible thought or feeling that cannot be eliminated from consciousness by logical effort, associated with anxiety
Obsession
pathological need to act on an impulse that, if resisted, produces anxiety; repetitive behavior in response to an obsession or performed according to certain rules
Compulsion
ability to appreciate nuances of meaning; multidimensional thinking with ability to use metaphors and hypotheses appropriately
Abstract thinking
Pathological feeling of sadness
Depression
condition in which the emotional tone is in harmony with the accompanying idea, thought, or speech; also further described as broad or full affect in which a full range of emotions is appropriately expressed
Appropriate affect
disharmony between the emotional feeling tone and the idea, thought, or speech accompanying it
Inappropriate affect
reduction in the intensity of externalized feeling tone
Restricted or constricted affect
false sensory perception not associated with real external stimuli; there may or may not be a delusional interpretation of the hallucinatory experience
Hallucination
hallucination in which the content is consistent with either a manic or depressed mood; e.g. the manic patient would hear voices saying the patient is of inflated worth, power, and knowledge
Mood congruent hallucination
hallucination in which the content is not consistent with either a depressed or manic mood
Mood incongruent hallucination
misperception or misinterpretation of real external sensory stimuli
Illusion
defense mechanism involving the segregation of any group of mental or behavioral processes from the rest of the person’s psychic activity
Dissociation
partial or total inability to recall past experiences; may be medical or emotional in origin
Amnesia
amnesia for events occurring after a point in time
Anterograde
amnesia for events occurring before a point in time
Retrograde
