Depression Disorders Flashcards
Prolonged emotional tone
Mood
Moment to moment emotional state
Affect
Psychodynamic factors of depression
- Unresolved, often unconscious conflict
- Loss, disruption of significant attachments
- Traumatic disillusionments regarding self and others
Cognitive factors of depression (“negative cognitive triad”)
Unrealistically negative and demeaning view of oneself, world, future
- Excessive recall of negative material
- Catastrophizing and overgeneralizing
- Dismissive of positive experience
- Personalize failures
- Rigidity of expectations
Negative cognitive style
interpersonal stressors leading to depression
- Unresolved grief
- Problematic role transitions
- Interpersonal disputes
- Follows experiences with uncontrollable events
- Outcome is independent of effort
- Animal model of depression
- Hopelessness and loss of self-esteem
- relationship to “culture of poverty”
Learned helplessness
Psychobiological or traumatic factors leading to depression
- Physical or Sexual
- Chronic Brain and Neuroendocrine Abnormalities
- Increased vulnerability to new stressors
- Genetic predisposition
- Disturbance of sleep and circadian rhythms
- Regional disturbances in rain
- Treatment Resistant Depression
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Social and cultural predispositions to depression
- Cohort effect - baby boomers, depression, suicide
- Immigration - integration, assimilation, rejection, marginalization
What is the major risk factor for suicide?
Depression
Depression can be a major risk factor for what illness?
Cardiovascular
What medical illnesses have the highest prevalence of depression?
Stroke, Parkinson’s, cancer
What drugs are often used in depressed HIV-positive outpatients?
Paroxetine, Imipramine
Three major types of depressive disorders?
- Major depressive episode - single episode
- Dysthymic Disorder - persistent depression disorder
- Bereavement
Example of a depressive disorder not otherwise specified (NOS)
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder - during final week before menses, improves after onset - affective lability, interpersonal irritability, anger, depression/self-depreciation, anxiety/tension
Maladaptive rxn to social stressor (marital, job, illness), impaired social/occupational function plus excessive symptoms
Adjustment disorder w/ depressed mood
Loss of pleasure in all or almost all activities or lack of reactivity to usually pleasurable stimuli
Melancholia
What type of depressive disorder are women affected with 2x as much?
Persistent depressive disorders - dysthymia
