Depression Disorders Flashcards
Prolonged emotional tone
Mood
Moment to moment emotional state
Affect
Psychodynamic factors of depression
- Unresolved, often unconscious conflict
- Loss, disruption of significant attachments
- Traumatic disillusionments regarding self and others
Cognitive factors of depression (“negative cognitive triad”)
Unrealistically negative and demeaning view of oneself, world, future
- Excessive recall of negative material
- Catastrophizing and overgeneralizing
- Dismissive of positive experience
- Personalize failures
- Rigidity of expectations
Negative cognitive style
interpersonal stressors leading to depression
- Unresolved grief
- Problematic role transitions
- Interpersonal disputes
- Follows experiences with uncontrollable events
- Outcome is independent of effort
- Animal model of depression
- Hopelessness and loss of self-esteem
- relationship to “culture of poverty”
Learned helplessness
Psychobiological or traumatic factors leading to depression
- Physical or Sexual
- Chronic Brain and Neuroendocrine Abnormalities
- Increased vulnerability to new stressors
- Genetic predisposition
- Disturbance of sleep and circadian rhythms
- Regional disturbances in rain
- Treatment Resistant Depression
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Social and cultural predispositions to depression
- Cohort effect - baby boomers, depression, suicide
- Immigration - integration, assimilation, rejection, marginalization
What is the major risk factor for suicide?
Depression
Depression can be a major risk factor for what illness?
Cardiovascular
What medical illnesses have the highest prevalence of depression?
Stroke, Parkinson’s, cancer
What drugs are often used in depressed HIV-positive outpatients?
Paroxetine, Imipramine
Three major types of depressive disorders?
- Major depressive episode - single episode
- Dysthymic Disorder - persistent depression disorder
- Bereavement
Example of a depressive disorder not otherwise specified (NOS)
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder - during final week before menses, improves after onset - affective lability, interpersonal irritability, anger, depression/self-depreciation, anxiety/tension
