Antidepressants & ECT II Flashcards

1
Q

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

A

SSRI; half life 2-3 days

No serotonin discontinuation symptoms

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2
Q

Sertraline (Zoloft)

A

SSRI; half life of 24 hrs, risk of discontinuation symptoms

Weak dopaminergic activity, useful after brain injury

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3
Q

Paroxetine (Paxil)

A

SSRI; half life of 24 hrs, somewhat sedating, useful in anxiety disorders

  • Significant 2D6 inhibition
  • Anticholinergic side effects
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4
Q

Citalopram (Celexa)

A

SSRI; half life of 24 hrs

Fewer drug interactions, useful if someone is on numerous meds

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5
Q

What is the enantiomer of Citalopram (Celexa)?

A

Escitalopram (Lexapro)

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6
Q

Fluvoxamine (Luvox)

A

SSRI

Approved for treatment of OCD, but used by some to treat depression

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7
Q

fever, delirium, hypertension, hypotension, neuromuscular excitability occurring after taking a certain class of drugs

A

Serotonin Syndrome

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8
Q

Buproprion (Wellbutrin)

A
  • Dopamine and NE reuptake inhibition (most likely)
  • Few side FX
  • Electrolyte imbalance –> increased seizure risk
  • Used in smoking cessation
  • May be useful for ADHD
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9
Q

What is Buproprion (Wellbutrin) contraindicated in?

A

Patients with history of seizures, patients with eating disorders or other metabolic disturbances

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10
Q

What drug can be effective in decreases sexual side FX when given with an SSRI?

A

Buproprion (Wellbutrin)

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11
Q

Venlaxafine (Effexor)

A

SNRI (serotonin-NE reuptake inhibition)

  • Side FX similar to SSRIs
  • Dose related increase in BP
  • Useful in patients on numerous meds (very few drug interactions)
  • Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder
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12
Q

Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)

A
  • SNRI
  • Relatively greater NE reuptake inhibition than venlaxafine, but more serotonergic than noradrenergic
  • Plasma levels more consistent than venlaxafine
  • More potent effect on NE may be helpful in pain conditions like fibromyalgia
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13
Q

Duloxetine (Cymbalta)

A
  • SNRI
  • Less likely than Effexor to cause dose-related HTN
  • Also indicated for depression and diabetic neuropathic pain
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14
Q

Mirtazapine (Remeron)

A
  • alpha-2 Antagonist at central presynaptic adrenergic autoreceptors
  • very sedating
  • Antihistaminic properties dramatically increase appetite and weight gain
  • Useful for people w/ loss of appetite and poor sleep
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15
Q

Trazodone

A
  • Most common use is for insomnia in low doses

- Major concern is priapism, and failure to treat in time can lead to permanent erectile dysfunction

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16
Q

TCA Side Fx

A
  • Anticholinergic - dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision
  • Alpha adrenergic blockade - orthostatic hypotension
  • Antihistamine - sedation, increased appetite, weight gain
17
Q

TCAs cause prolongaiton of what cardiac EKG interval?

18
Q

T or F. TCAs are not lethal in overdose.

A

F - very lethal

19
Q

MAOI’s (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)

A
  • Inhibits enzyme that metabolizes NE, serotonin, dopamine, tyramine, resulting in increase in neurotransmitters in synapse
  • Used for major depression, anxiety disorders, social phobia, treatment resistant depression
  • Hypertensive crisis can occur as side effect when combined with certain drugs/foods
20
Q

Selegiline (EMSAM)

A

MAOI-B previously used for Parkinson’s, but was used off label for depression

21
Q

How long do you have to be off of an MAOI before a regular diet can be resumed or contraindicated meds started?

A

at least 2 weeks

22
Q

What drug can cause congenital cardiac abnormalities in first trimester?

A

Paroxetine (Paxil)

23
Q

When does postpartum depression occur?

A

Within four weeks of delivery

24
Q

What is normal postpartum sadness timeframe?

25
What is drug of choice for postpartum depression? Why?
Sertraline b/c exposure through breast milk is lower than in utero
26
What does ECT induce?
Bilateral, generalized tonic-clonic seizure for 30-90 seconds, often involving deeper brain structures like thalamus and also affecting every major neurotransmitter system
27
What conditions is ECT used for?
- Major depressive disorder - Manic episodes - Schizophrenia
28
What type of schizophrenia can be helped by ECT? Which is not helped by ECT?
Schizophrenia characterized by catatonic or mood symptoms most likely show a response. Chronic schizo does not.
29
T or F. ECT can help with somatization disorders, personality disorder, OCD
False
30
What medications are given to a patient prior to ECT?
Muscarinic anticholinergic agent for control of oral and respiratory secretions General anesthetic, usually short acting barbiturate Muscle relaxants to decrease bone fractures, succinylcholine
31
What receptors are down regulated in ECT?
Post synaptic beta adrenergic receptors
32
Common side FX of ECT
- headache, confusion, delirium, muscle soreness, some memory impairment
33
What can be used as therapy for SAD (seasonal affective disorder) which occurs in winter months or in cloudy climates?
Light therapy
34
What newly approved treatment for depression generates a magnetic field that induces an electrical current in undrlying areas of brain?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
35
What highly experimental treatment is a battery powered pulse generator implanted in chest with leads tunneled under scalp and guided into brain near the cingulate cortex?
Deep brain stimulation