Personality Disorders Flashcards
Inflexible, maladaptive personality traits that cause impairment in social/occupational function
Personality disorders
At what age do personality disorders become present and enduring
Adolescence
T or F. Personality disorders inherently cause distress.
FALSE
Our enduring personal organization that determines our adjustment to environment and develops through interaction of hereditary dispositions and environment
Personality
Aspect of personality that describes the biologically derived elements of behavior and dimensions of personality.
Temperament
At what age is temperament identifiable?
Age 3-4
Cloninger’s 4 forms of temperaments:
- Novelty seeking
- Harm avoidance
- Reward dependence
- Persistence (delayed gratification)
Aspect of personality that is weakly related to heritable factors and develops from culture, unique life events, and social learning. More change w/ aging, therapy, and healing relationships.
Character
Cloninger’s 4 forms of character:
- Self as autonomous individual
- Self in relationships
- Self in community
- Self as part of universe
Elements of character
- Mental (defense) mechanisms
- Representation of self
- Representations of significant others
- Psychometric studies
Cloninger’s three measures of character/psychometric studies:
- Self-directedness,
- Cooperativeness
- Self transcendence - generativity
As people age, what happens to the following (increase/decrease:
- Novelty seeking
- Self-directedness/cooperativeness
- Self-transcendence
- Decreases
- Increases
- Decreases through 40’s, then bimodal change
Ternary Awareness
Knowledge of physical, mental, spiritual components, self-transcendence + self-directedness, sanctification/calling
Cluster A disorders
Schizoid, Schizotypal, Paranoid
Which cluster of personality disorders?
Phenomenology - odd, eccentric
Temperament - low reward dependence
Character - primitive mental mechanisms, esp projection
Cluster A
- Indifference - to social relationships
- Constricted - restricted range of emotional experience/expression
- Solitary - Impaired capacity to form relational world
- Asexual
(attenuated negative symptoms of schizophrenia)
Schizoid Personality Disorder
- Referential and magical thinking, connections destabilize and disorganize
- Social anxiety and yearnings
- Odd behavior and appearance
- Express attachment needs more than schizoid
(attenuated positive symptoms of schizophrenia)
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Why is schizoid personality disorder a disorder if patient is content?
Makes him 10x more likely to develop psychosis/have psychotic episode
- Pattern of over-interpreting the environment, hypersensitive
- Pervasive, unwarranted suspiciousness; mistrustful, unforgiving, isolated
- Unremitting hyper-vigilance
- Self referential (egocentric)
(attenuated paranoid subtype of schizophrenia)
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Which cluster of disorders involve increased vulnerability of psychosis and decreased reward dependence?
Cluster A
Cluster B Disorders
Histrionic, Antisocial, Narcissistic, Borderline
Which cluster of personality disorders?
Phenomenology: dramatic and erratic
Temperament: High novelty seeking, low harm avoidance
Character: Empathic deficits, high self-direction, low transcendence, externalization
Cluster B
Which personality disorder?
- Pervasive pattern of grandiosity
- Lack of empathy harms love relationships
- Unquenchable need for admiration
- Entitlement, grandiosity, competitive, exploitative, unempathic, envious
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
More common in women or men? Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Men - 70% are male
