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605 Pathology > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology

A

the study of disease; connection between normal anatomy and clinical medicine

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2
Q

etiology

A

the cause (can be intrinsic or extrinsic)

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3
Q

Intrinsic Etiologies

A

can be primary (genetic) or secondary (due to age, gender, coat color, breed, etc)

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4
Q

Extrinsic Etiologies

A

can be due to inanimate forces (like weather, radiation, trauma) or animate/living agents (bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc)

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5
Q

Pathogenesis

A

how a disease develops

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6
Q

Pathogenesis Flow

A

etiology –> sequence of events –> lesion

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7
Q

Lesion

A

structural (morphologic) alterations in cells or tissues; visual representation of tissue injury and response

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8
Q

Pathognomonic Lesion

A

a lesion, when taken in context with the clinical picture, that is diagnostic for a particular process (very rare; ex: Johne’s disease)

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9
Q

Molecular and Non-structural Abnormalities not diagnosable with a lesion

A

neoplasias, bacterial infections, neuromuscular junction diseases, toxins, arrythmias

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10
Q

Is every lesion significant?

A

no

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11
Q

Statistically Significant

A

probability that study results are due to chance

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12
Q

Biological Significance

A

magnitude of actual treatment effect (difference between intervention and control groups)

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13
Q

Incidental Findings

A

things that could be noted on pathology that is NOT what is causing the clinical problem; commonly found in older animals

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14
Q

3 Lesions that could be secondary to Euthanasia

A
  1. Barbituate Salts
  2. Splenomegaly (barbituate euthanasia or anesthesia)
  3. Cranial hemorrhage (captive bolt)
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15
Q

Barbituate Salts

A

all the little white dots; most commonly seen with IC sticks

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16
Q

Rigor mortis

A

post-mortem rigidity

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17
Q

Algor mortis

A

post-mortem cooling

18
Q

Liver mortis

A

post-mortem blood pooling

19
Q

Bile imbibtion

A

postmortem change, green stuff around the bile duct

20
Q

Hemoglobin imbibition

A

hemoglobin red staining; frequently seen in frozen animals because the RBCs lyse

21
Q

Pseudomelanosis

A

postmortem change that appears black but its not really melanin (ex, could be from cooked hemoglobin)

22
Q

Melanosis

A

postmortem black appearance due to melanin being thrown places where it shouldn’t be

23
Q

Postmortem Gas Distension Changes

A

-emphysema (bubbles in the lung lobes)
-prolapses
-gastric ruptures

24
Q

Three Questions to help determine whether a lesion is Antemortem or Postmortem

A
  1. Is there a tissue reaction? Inflammation, fibrosis, edema, hemorrhage?
  2. Does it make sense in context of the case?
  3. What is the postmortem interval?
25
Q

Macroscopic Lesions

A

gross pathology

26
Q

Microscopic Lesions

A

histopathology

27
Q

Ultrastructure Lesions

A

these require electron microscopy

28
Q

How do lesions lead to disease?

A

morphological changes –> functional changes –> disease manifestation (clinical signs and symptoms)

29
Q

Clinical Signs

A

manifestation of a disease that the physician perceives; OBJECTIVE

30
Q

Examples of Clinical Signs

A

heart rate, resp rate, temp, blood pressure, heart rate, rash, diarrhea, vomiting

31
Q

Symptoms

A

manifestation of disease apparent to patient/owner; SUBJECTIVE, vague/non-specific

32
Q

Examples of Symptoms

A

back pain, fatigue, headache, nausea, anxiety

33
Q

Diagnosis

A

interpretation of the nature of disease taking into context the lesions and clinical signs

34
Q

Anatomy of the Morphologic Diagnosis

A
35
Q

Severity

A

Marked/Severe, Moderate, Mild

36
Q

Duration

A

Peracute, Acute, Subacute, Chronic

37
Q

Distribution

A

Focal, Multifocal, Multifocal to Coalescing, Diffuse, Perivascular, Perifollicular

38
Q

Lesion (in context of morphological diagnosis)

A

edema, hemorrhage, congestion, necrosis, inflammation (-itis), atrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, fibrosis, neoplasia

39
Q

Additional Features

A

they’re the WITH so not really what’s causing your disease but a consequence of it

40
Q

Etiologic Diagnosis

A

less descriptive and focused on the cause/etiology of a lesion in the affected organ/tissue (examples include parvoviral enteritis, coronaviral vasculitis)

41
Q

Disease/Condition

A

no descriptive component (examples include FIP, hardware disease, toxicosis, etc)

42
Q

Prognosis

A

estimate of future outcome

excellent –> good –> fair –> guarded –> poor/grave

605 Pathology (14 decks)

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