Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

605 Pathology > Diagnoses and Prognoses > Flashcards

Diagnoses and Prognoses Flashcards

1
Q

Two Types of Consequences of Neoplasia

A
  1. Direct
  2. Indirect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of Direct Consequences of Neoplasia (6)

A
  1. Compress/Destroy Adjacent Tissues
  2. Disruption of Blood Supply
  3. Disrupt/loss of function
  4. Economic
  5. Quality of Life
  6. Metastasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 Ways a Tumor can Disrupt Blood Supply

A
  1. Invasion
  2. Hemorrhage
  3. Infarction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why are we concerned about the economic consequence of neoplasia?

A

carcass condemnation –> bad for farmer, bad for world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Paraneoplastic Syndromes

A

complications of neoplasia that are unrelated to the tumor (including size of the tumor, if it metastasized, or benign/malignant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most paraneoplastic syndromes are the result of what?

A

endocrinopathy (d/t hormones or hormone-like peptides released from neoplastic cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Indirect Consequences of Neoplasia (5)

A
  1. Paraneoplastic Syndromes
  2. Systemic
  3. Endocrinopathies
  4. Vascular/Hematopoietic
  5. Neurologic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cachexia

A

loss of both muscle and fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most Common Cause of Endocrinopathies?

A

Functional Tumors of Endocrine Tissue, resulting in excessive native hormone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

A

most commonly caused by ectopic production of PTH-related protein by neoplastic cells, resulting in pseudohyperparathyroidism (example: apocrine gland adenocarcinomas, and lymphomas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Uses of Cytology concerning Neoplasia

A
  1. Neoplastic vs. Inflammation
  2. Epithelial vs. Mesenchymal vs. Round Cell
  3. Benign vs. Malignant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epithelial Neoplasia Appearance on Cytology

A

clusters of cells (pictured: mammary cell carcinoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mesenchymal Neoplasia Appearance on Cytology

A

“wispy” cells (poor margins) (pictured: soft tissue sarcoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Round Cell Neoplasia Appearance on Cytology

A

omg they look round, shocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Giemsa Staining

A

great for mast cell tumors, histamines are stained dark purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 Examples or Round Cell Neoplasms

A
  1. Cutaneous Histiocytomas
  2. Mast Cell Tumors
  3. Lymphoma
17
Q

Gold Standard of Diagnosis?

A

Histopathology

18
Q

What should you do first - cytology or histopath?

A

In general, cytology THEN histopath (for greatest amount of information to make a diagnosis)

19
Q

Advantages of Cytology

A

fast
inexpensive
easy
can be done in-house
great cellular detail

20
Q

Main Disadvantage of Cytology

A

cannot make a specific diagnosis (you can’t compare it to surrounding tissues)

21
Q

Advantages of Histopathology

A

great input on tissue architecture, can see how it interacts with surrounding tissues
can use special stains

22
Q

Disadvantages of Histopathology

A

slower, more expensive than cytology, requires sedation/surgical excision, send-out process

23
Q

Five Things to Include with Biopsy Submissions

A
  1. Signalment
  2. History
  3. Location
  4. Incisional vs. Excisional?
  5. Margins Included?
24
Q

Incisional

A

cut into tumor (vs excisional would be attempt to remove)

25
Q

Immunohistochemistry

A

specifically labeled antibodies to determine the presence of different cell types or other components

26
Q

Tumor Grading

A

the use of one or more tumor attributes to predict tumor behavior (and therefore prognosis)

27
Q

Is tumor grading universal?

A

no - there are specific schemes for specific types of tumors within specific species

28
Q

Attributes Used in Grading Tumors

A

mitotic index, nuclear characteristics, degree of differentiation, necrosis extent, location, cellular arrangement, invasiveness (and more)

29
Q

Tumor Staging

A

establishes how advanced the cancer is within the patient (early, late, terminal, etc)

30
Q

TNM

A

tumor, node, metastasis system

31
Q

Tumor of TNM

A

utilizes characteristics of the primary mass (for example, could be based on size)

605 Pathology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions