Diagnoses and Prognoses Flashcards
Two Types of Consequences of Neoplasia
- Direct
- Indirect
Types of Direct Consequences of Neoplasia (6)
- Compress/Destroy Adjacent Tissues
- Disruption of Blood Supply
- Disrupt/loss of function
- Economic
- Quality of Life
- Metastasis
3 Ways a Tumor can Disrupt Blood Supply
- Invasion
- Hemorrhage
- Infarction
Why are we concerned about the economic consequence of neoplasia?
carcass condemnation –> bad for farmer, bad for world
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
complications of neoplasia that are unrelated to the tumor (including size of the tumor, if it metastasized, or benign/malignant)
Most paraneoplastic syndromes are the result of what?
endocrinopathy (d/t hormones or hormone-like peptides released from neoplastic cells)
Indirect Consequences of Neoplasia (5)
- Paraneoplastic Syndromes
- Systemic
- Endocrinopathies
- Vascular/Hematopoietic
- Neurologic
cachexia
loss of both muscle and fat
Most Common Cause of Endocrinopathies?
Functional Tumors of Endocrine Tissue, resulting in excessive native hormone production
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy
most commonly caused by ectopic production of PTH-related protein by neoplastic cells, resulting in pseudohyperparathyroidism (example: apocrine gland adenocarcinomas, and lymphomas)
Uses of Cytology concerning Neoplasia
- Neoplastic vs. Inflammation
- Epithelial vs. Mesenchymal vs. Round Cell
- Benign vs. Malignant
Epithelial Neoplasia Appearance on Cytology
clusters of cells (pictured: mammary cell carcinoma)
Mesenchymal Neoplasia Appearance on Cytology
“wispy” cells (poor margins) (pictured: soft tissue sarcoma)
Round Cell Neoplasia Appearance on Cytology
omg they look round, shocker
Giemsa Staining
great for mast cell tumors, histamines are stained dark purple