Terminologies in Introduction to Pharmacology Flashcards
Defined as any chemical that can affect living processes.
Drug
The study of drugs and their interactions with living systems.
Pharmacology
The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or
to prevent pregnancy. Can also be defined
simply as the medical use of drugs
Pharmacotherapeutics
Defined as the study of drugs in
humans. This discipline includes the study of drugs in patients
as well as in healthy volunteers (during new drug development).
Clinical Pharmacology
Properties of an ideal drug
-Effectiveness
-Safety
-Selectivity
-Reversible Action
-Predictability
-Ease of Administration
What is the objective of drug therapy?
Is to provide maximum
benefit with minimum harm
10 Right’s of Medication
Right Patient
Right Route
Right Time
Right Drug
Right Dosage
Right Documentation
Right Education
Right Assessment
Right to Refuse
Right Evaluation
Describe the drug’s chemical structure (acetaminophen, dexbrompheniramine maleate tablet)
Drugs Chemical Name
It’s the official, non-proprietary, chosen by the drug company and registered as trademark. (Paracetamol)
Drugs Generic Name
Proprietary name, chosen by the drug company and registered as trademark (Biogesic)
Trade/Brand Name
Process determine how much of an administered dose gets to its sites of action. Derived from two Greek words:
pharmakon means drug or poison and kinesis means motion.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics 4 processes:
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism/Biotransformation
Excretion
Drug’s that may purchased without direct prescription
Over the counter drugs
Stands for pro re nata, a Latin phrase meaning as needed
PRN
What is your role as a nurse when you’re giving a information about:
- Drug name and therapeutic category (e.g., penicillin: antibiotic)
- Dosage
- Dosing schedule
- Route and technique of administration
- Expected therapeutic response and when it should develop
- Nondrug measures to enhance therapeutic responses
- Duration of treatment
- Method of drug storage
- Symptoms of major adverse effects, and measures to minimize discomfort and harm
- Major adverse drug-drug and drug-food interactions
- Whom to contact in the event of therapeutic failure,
severe adverse reactions, or severe adverse interactions
Nurse as a Educator
Also known as compliance or concordance that can
be defined as the extent to which a patient’s behavior coincides with medical advice.
Patient Adherence
Clinical trials occur in four phases and may take 2 to 10 years
to complete. The first three phases are done before a new drug
is marketed. The fourth is done following FDA approval for
marketing.
Clinical Testing
Route of administration via GI tract
Enteral
Route of administration outside the GI tract
Parenteral
Refers to the rapid inactivation of some oral drugs as they pass through the liver after being absorbed
First-pass effect
Defined as the plasma drug level below which therapeutic effects will not occur.
Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC)
The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decline by 50%.
Half-life
Defined as the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on the body and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced
Pharmacodynamics
Any functional macromolecule in a cell to which a drug binds to produce its effects.
Receptor
