Terminologies in Introduction to Pharmacology

Question 1

Defined as any chemical that can affect living processes.

Answer 1

Drug

Question 2

The study of drugs and their interactions with living systems.

Answer 2

Pharmacology

Question 3

The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or
to prevent pregnancy. Can also be defined
simply as the medical use of drugs

Answer 3

Pharmacotherapeutics

Question 4

Defined as the study of drugs in
humans. This discipline includes the study of drugs in patients
as well as in healthy volunteers (during new drug development).

Answer 4

Clinical Pharmacology

Question 5

Properties of an ideal drug

Answer 5

-Effectiveness
-Safety
-Selectivity
-Reversible Action
-Predictability
-Ease of Administration

Question 6

What is the objective of drug therapy?

Answer 6

Is to provide maximum
benefit with minimum harm

Question 7

10 Right’s of Medication

Answer 7

Right Patient
Right Route
Right Time
Right Drug
Right Dosage
Right Documentation
Right Education
Right Assessment
Right to Refuse
Right Evaluation

Question 8

Describe the drug’s chemical structure (acetaminophen, dexbrompheniramine maleate tablet)

Answer 8

Drugs Chemical Name

Question 9

It’s the official, non-proprietary, chosen by the drug company and registered as trademark. (Paracetamol)

Answer 9

Drugs Generic Name

Question 10

Proprietary name, chosen by the drug company and registered as trademark (Biogesic)

Answer 10

Trade/Brand Name

Question 11

Process determine how much of an administered dose gets to its sites of action. Derived from two Greek words:
pharmakon means drug or poison and kinesis means motion.

Answer 11

Pharmacokinetics

Question 12

Pharmacokinetics 4 processes:

Answer 12

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism/Biotransformation
Excretion

Question 13

Drug’s that may purchased without direct prescription

Answer 13

Over the counter drugs

Question 14

Stands for pro re nata, a Latin phrase meaning as needed

Answer 14

PRN

Question 15

What is your role as a nurse when you’re giving a information about:

• Drug name and therapeutic category (e.g., penicillin: antibiotic)
• Dosage
• Dosing schedule
• Route and technique of administration
• Expected therapeutic response and when it should develop
• Nondrug measures to enhance therapeutic responses
• Duration of treatment
• Method of drug storage
• Symptoms of major adverse effects, and measures to minimize discomfort and harm
• Major adverse drug-drug and drug-food interactions
• Whom to contact in the event of therapeutic failure,
  severe adverse reactions, or severe adverse interactions

Answer 15

Nurse as a Educator

Question 16

Also known as compliance or concordance that can
be defined as the extent to which a patient’s behavior coincides with medical advice.

Answer 16

Patient Adherence

Question 17

Clinical trials occur in four phases and may take 2 to 10 years
to complete. The first three phases are done before a new drug
is marketed. The fourth is done following FDA approval for
marketing.

Answer 17

Clinical Testing

Question 18

Route of administration via GI tract

Answer 18

Enteral

Question 19

Route of administration outside the GI tract

Answer 19

Parenteral

Question 20

Refers to the rapid inactivation of some oral drugs as they pass through the liver after being absorbed

Answer 20

First-pass effect

Question 21

Defined as the plasma drug level below which therapeutic effects will not occur.

Answer 21

Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC)

Question 22

The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decline by 50%.

Answer 22

Half-life

Question 23

Defined as the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on the body and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced

Answer 23

Pharmacodynamics

Question 24

Any functional macromolecule in a cell to which a drug binds to produce its effects.

Answer 24

Receptor

Question 25

• Drugs that can mimic the action of endogenous compounds.
• Drugs that can block the action of normal receptor activity regulated by endogenous compounds.
  -Limited affinity to receptors site

Answer 25

-Agonist
-Antagonist
-Partial Agonist