Antibiotic drugs Flashcards
Takes it for long time
Take antibiotic but does not complete it
Some antibiotics are just bacteriostatic not bacteriocidal
Large doses of antibiotic
Reasons for Resistance
If admitted with fracture
Give broad spectrum
infection due to decrease in normal flora
Superinfection
The more broader the antibiotic, the more prone to superinfection
Opportunistic infection
pseudomembranous colitis
Diarrhea due to bacteria
Antibiotics Medications
Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Tetracycline
Aminoglycosides
Quinolones
Macrolides
Sulfonamides
GI symtoms; hypersensitivity reaction
“miracle drug”
No. 2 drug for syphilis
Not effective for gonorrhea
Penicillin
Same chemical structure as PCN (beta-lactam) ; more prone to infection (broad spectrum)
Chemically related – cross resistance and cross allergy with penicillin
More broad spectrum; more prone to superinfection
Cephalosporins
yellow discoloration of teeth photo sensitivity (do not use for last half of pregnancy until 8 years o age)
Yellow teeth, yellow sun
Not allowed to children
Tetracycline
Nephrotoxic, ototoxic (VIII) – vertigo and tinnitus
mycin
Neomycin is a prophylactic antibiotic, given for liver cirrhosis – bacteria increases ammonia
conversion
Aminoglycosides
Drug of choice in MDR TB, UTI, RTI
Crystalluria; photosensitivity
floxacin
Quinolones
Good for RTI
Extremely GI irritant; take with food
Erythromycin, azithromycin (only drug for 3 days for CAP), once a day
MRSA - Vancomycin (antibiotic of choice)
RED – Red Man’s Syndrome – causes redness from neck to below due to fast administration –vasodilation, dec. BP, not an allergic response – infused in 1-2 hours
Macrolides
First antibiotic; for UTI, skin infections, burns
Crystalluria, photosensitivity, Steven Johnson syndrome – derma condition which looks like a second degree burn, blisters
Sulfa-, cotrimoxazole
Yeilds sulfuric acid which can cause metabolic acidosis
Sulfonamides
-urinary analgesic for dysuria; not an antibiotic, causes redish-orange urine; give with other antibiotics
Pyridium
Ampothericin B (Fungizone)
Shake and Bake syndrome
Seizure and pyrexia - antipyreti
ANTIFUNGAL
Systemic antifungal
Nystatin (Mycostatin)
Oral suspension: swish and spit (mouth)/ swish and swallow (lower GI)
Local antifungals
Oral Candidiasis
-Cheesy drainage, foul smelling
Nystatin – tablet/ suppository
Yeast infection (Vaginal candidiasis)
Nystatin power/ointment
Candidiasis can occur in moist areas in body
Capitis
Corporis
An an, buni, had had
azole
Ringworm (Tinea)
for pediculosis
Head – Quel – neurotoxic so wash away
Corporis – leave Quel to 12 to 24 hours
ANTIHELMINTHICS
Lindane
deworming
ANTIHELMINTHICS
Mebendzaole
antimalarial; may be used for prophylaxis 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after, same time for one week
ANTIHELMINTHICS
Quinine
ALL ARE NEPHROTOXIC, drink lots of water
ANTIVIRAL
