Terminolgy Flashcards
What does ‘poly’ stand for?
Multiple
What does ‘Dys’ stand for?
Difficultly
What does ‘ecto’ stand for?
Outside
What does ‘haem’ stand for?
Blood
What does ‘pyo’ stand for?
Pus
What does ‘hyper’ stand for?
Greater
What does ‘hypo’ stand for ?
Less
What does ‘Hemi’ stand for?
Half
What does ‘A’ stand for ?
Without / absence
What does ‘endo’ stand for?
Inside
What does ‘-phagia’ stand for ?
Eating
What does ‘-phobia’ stand for ?
Dislike or fear
What does ‘-Oma- stand for?
Tumor or mass
What does ‘-ostomy’ stand for ?
An opening
What does ‘-centesis’ stand for ?
Puncture
What does ‘-penia’ stand for ?
Deficiency
What does ‘-itis’ stand for?
Inflammation
What does ‘-logy’ stand for?
Area of study
What does HSE stand for?
Health, safety and environment
What does HASAW stand for?
Health and safety at work act 1974
What does IRR17 stand for?
Ionising Radiations Regulation 2017
What does RIDDOR stand for?
Reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences regulation 2013
What does COSHH stand for?
Control of substances hazardous to health
What is an SOP?
Standard operating procedure
What is an economic?
The business
What does PPE stand for?
Personal protective equipment
What is a pathogen?
An organism causing disease to its host
Define somatic
Direct changes that occur soon after exposure (affects rapidly dividing cells)
Define carcinogenic
Having the potential to cause cancer
Define genetic
Study of genes and hereditary
What does RPA stand for?
Radiation protection advisor
What does RPS stand for?
Radiation protection supervisor
What is zoonoses ?
A disease that can be passed between animals and humans
Define contagious
Illness/disease that can be passed around
Define nosocomial
An infection acquired within the practice
Define teratogenic
Toxic to foetus
Define cytotoxic
Toxic to cells (chemotherapy)
What does CRT mean?
Capillary refill time
Should be less than 2 secs
What is gingivitis?
Earliest stage of gum disease
Inflammation
Define malocclusion
Where the teeth are not aligned properly
What does systemic mean?
What relates to or affects an entire system/body
Define halitosis
Chronic bad breath
Define blepharospasm
Involuntary movement of the eye
Define anisocoria
When the eyes pupils are not the same size.
Define epiphora
Medical term for watery eyes
Creating too many tears
Define entropion
Where the eyelid is rolled inward against the eyeball
Define ectropion
An outward turning of the eyelid
Define photophobia
Abnormal sensitivity to light
Define uveitis
Inflammation of inside the eye
Define a nictitating membrane
A transparent or translucent third eyelid.
Define nystagmus
Repetitive and involuntary movement of the eyes
Define stertor
A noise created in the nose or the back of the throat
Low pitched (sounds like nasal congestion)
Define stridor
Rigid tissue vibrations
High pitched sound
define epistaxis
A nosebleed
Define conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the eye
What is a corneal ulcer?
An open sore on the cornea
What is keratitis ?
Inflammation of the cornea
What is keratoconjuctivitis sicca
Not creating enough tears - dry eye
Define exophthalmos
Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball or eyeballs
Define cataract
When the lens inside the eye develops cloudy patches
Define proptosis
Protrusion of the eyeball
The same as exophthalmos
What is vestibular syndrome
Sudden disturbance of balance
Define cachexic
The loss of lean body mass and body weight.
Occurs with chronic disease
Define otitis externa
A condition that causes inflammation of the external ear canal
Define otitis media
Inflammation in the middle ear region
Define otitis interna
Inflammation of the inner ear
Define haematuria
Blood in the urine
What is a cleft palate ?
Failure of the roof of the mouth (hard and soft palates) closing during development
Define pyoderma
A bacteria skin infection
Define bacteraemia
Viable bacteria in the blood
Define uraemia
A raised level in the blood of urea and other nitrogenous waste compounds that are normally eliminated by the kidneys
Define epulis
Of the gums
A non-specific term used for tumours and tumour like masses
Define neoplasia
The uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells or tissues in the body
Define fibrosarcoma
A type of soft tissue cancer
Define melanoma
A tumour. Serious skin cancer
Define hyperbilirubinemia
A condition in which there is a build up of bilirubin in the blood causing yellow discolouration of the eyes and skin.
Define jaundice
Excessive accumulation of a yellow pigment in the blood and tissues
Define icteric
Affected by jaundice, which causes yellowing of the skin
Define cyanotic
A bluish discolouration of the skin and mucous membranes
Caused by inadequate oxygen levels
Define petechial
Often bleeding under the skin or on the gums.
Seen as tiny pinpoint spots of haemorrhage.
Define haemorrhage
Acute loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel
Define alopecia
A partial or complete absence of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows
Define pigmentation
Abnormal colouring of a persons skin, usually resulting from disease
Define pruritis
Itchy skin
Define haematochezia
Passage of fresh blood through anus
Usually in or with stools
Define melaena
Production of dark sticky faeces containing partly digested blood
As a result of internal bleeding or swallowing blood
Define tenesmus
The constant feeling of needing the toilet
Define oliguria
Abnormally small production of urine
Define coprophagia
The eating of faeces
Define pica
Eating/chewing non nutritional substances
Provide no benefit to the animal
Define regurgitation
Passive movement of food or liquid into the mouth, without warning or signs
Define erythema
Superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches
Define proprioception
Detects and controls the position, orientation and movement of the body.
Sensory system.
Define ataxia
The loss of full control of bodily functions
Define paraplegia
Paralysis of the legs and lower body.
Typically caused by spinal injury or disease
Define tetraplegia
Inability to voluntarily move the upper and lower parts of the body
Define hemiplegia
Paralysis of one side of the body
Define polydipsia
Excessive thirst
Define distichiasis
Extra/abnormal growth of lashes
Hypocalcaemia
Low plasma concentrations of calcium
Related to calcium loss in the milk and poor dietary calcium available
Seen during late pregnancy or early lactation
Most common 10-30 days after whelping
Placental retention
Retention of placental tissue
Uncommon in both bitch and queen
Clinical sign = persistent green discharge
Post-partum metritis
Infection and inflammation of the uterus
May occur following prolonged parturition, abortion, fetal and/or placental retention or obstetrical manipulation
Post-partum haemorrhage
Excessive blood loss after parturition
May indicate uterine or vaginal tearing or an underlying coagulation disorder
A tampon can be useful if the lesion is within the wall or the vagina
Sub-involution of placental sites (SIPS)
Persistence of a blood-coloured vulval discharge for more than 6 weeks after parturition
Should raise suspicion of subinvolution of placental sites
Uterine prolapse
Very uncommon complication that occurs within a few hours of delivery of the last neonate
Requires urgent treatment
Agalactic
Absence of milk after parturition
2 conditions:
Failure of milk production (true agalactia)
Failure of milk let down
Mastitis
Inflammation of the mammary gland
Not common in the bitch or queen
Dam can reject litter from feeding due to pain
Usually the result of a bacterial infection either blood-borne or through the teat
Define uroliths
Bladder stones
Develop within the urinary bladder
Struvite urolithiasis
Stones are caused by infection in the upper urinary tract
Lochia
Normal discharge after birth
